[Durgical](https://durgical.com/en/) › [DurgiPedia](https://durgical.com/en/durgipedia/) › [Anatomy](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/) › Spine Region # Spine 188 structures you can explore in 3D. Tap one to see its names and what it does. [See in 3D](https://durgical.app/?from=durgipedia&lang=en#region=spine) Nerves & vessels Tendons & ligaments Capsule & fascia Bone & cartilage Muscle Skin ## Nerves & vessels - [**Abdominal aorta**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/abdominal-aorta/) aorta abdominalis - [**Anterior spinal artery**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/anterior-spinal-artery/) arteria spinalis anterior - [**Artery of Adamkiewicz**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/great-radicular-artery/) arteria radicularis magna - [**Azygos veins**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/azygos-vein/) vena azyga; vena hemiazyga; vena hemiazyga accessoria - [**Brachial plexus roots**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/roots-of-brachial-plexus/) plexus brachialis - [**C5 nerve root**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/c5-spine-and-pelvis/) radix nervi spinalis C5 - [**C6 nerve root**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/c6-spine-and-pelvis/) radix nervi spinalis C6 - [**C7 nerve root**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/c7/) radix nervi spinalis C7 - [**Carotid arteries**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/common-carotid-artery/) carotis communis; carotis interna; carotis externa - [**Cauda equina**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/cauda-equina/) cauda equina - [**Common iliac arteries**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/common-iliac-artery/) arteria iliaca communis - [**Common iliac veins**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/common-iliac-vein/) vena iliaca communis - [**Conus medullaris**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/conus-medullaris/) conus medullaris - [**Dorsal root ganglia**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/spinal-ganglion/) ganglion spinale - [**External iliac artery**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/external-iliac-artery/) arteria iliaca externa - [**External iliac vein**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/external-iliac-vein/) vena iliaca externa - [**Femoral nerve**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/femoral-nerve/) nervus femoralis - [**Filum terminale**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/filum-terminale-internum/) filum terminale internum; filum terminale externum - [**Genitofemoral nerve**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/genitofemoral-nerve/) nervus genitofemoralis - [**Gluteal arteries**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/superior-gluteal-artery/) arteria glutea superior; arteria glutea inferior - [**Grey matter of the cord**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/grey-matter-of-spinal-cord/) substantia grisea medullae spinalis - [**Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/iliohypogastric-nerve/) nervus iliohypogastricus; nervus ilioinguinalis - [**Iliolumbar vessels**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/iliolumbar-artery/) arteria iliolumbalis; vena iliolumbalis - [**Inferior vena cava**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/inferior-vena-cava/) vena cava inferior - [**Intercostal nerves**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/intercostal-nerves/) nervi intercostales - [**Internal iliac arteries**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/internal-iliac-artery/) arteria iliaca interna - [**Internal iliac veins**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/internal-iliac-vein/) vena iliaca interna - [**Internal jugular vein**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/internal-jugular-vein/) vena jugularis interna - [**L4 nerve root**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/l4/) radix nervi spinalis L4 - [**L5 nerve root**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/l5/) radix nervi spinalis L5 - [**Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/lateral-femoral-cutaneous-nerve/) nervus cutaneus lateralis femoris - [**Lumbar arteries**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/lumbar-arteries/) arteriae lumbales - [**Lumbar veins**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/lumbar-veins/) venae lumbales; vena lumbalis ascendens dextra; vena lumbalis ascendens sinistra - [**Median sacral artery**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/median-sacral-artery/) arteria sacralis mediana; vena sacralis mediana - [**Mid-back nerve roots**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/anterior-root-of-spinal-nerve-spine-and-pelvis/) radix anterior nervi spinalis; radix posterior nervi spinalis; nervi thoracici - [**Neck nerve roots**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/anterior-root-of-spinal-nerve/) radix anterior nervi spinalis; radix posterior nervi spinalis; nervi cervicales - [**Obturator nerve**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/obturator-nerve/) nervus obturatorius - [**Posterior intercostal arteries**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/posterior-intercostal-arteries/) arteriae intercostales posteriores; arteria subcostalis - [**Posterior spinal arteries**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/posterior-spinal-arteries/) arteriae spinales posteriores - [**Pudendal nerve**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/pudendal-nerve/) nervus pudendalis - [**S1 nerve root**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/s1/) radix nervi spinalis S1 - [**Sciatic nerve**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/sciatic-nerve/) nervus ischiadicus - [**Spinal cord**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/spinal-cord/) medulla spinalis; substantia alba medullae spinalis - [**Superior gluteal nerve**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/superior-gluteal-nerve/) nervus gluteus superior - [**Sympathetic trunk**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/sympathetic-trunk/) truncus sympathicus; ganglia trunci sympathici - [**Thoracic aorta**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/thoracic-aorta/) aorta thoracica - [**Vagus nerve**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/vagus-nerve/) nervus vagus - [**Vertebral artery**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/vertebral-artery/) arteria vertebralis - [**Vertebral vein**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/vertebral-vein/) vena vertebralis ## Tendons & ligaments - [**Alar ligaments**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/alar-ligaments/) ligamenta alaria - [**Anterior longitudinal ligament**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/anterior-longitudinal-ligament/) ligamentum longitudinale anterius - [**Iliolumbar ligament**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/iliolumbar-ligament/) ligamentum iliolumbale - [**Inguinal ligament**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/inguinal-ligament/) ligamentum inguinale - [**Interspinous ligaments**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/interspinous-ligaments/) ligamenta interspinalia - [**Intertransverse ligaments**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/intertransverse-ligaments/) ligamenta intertransversaria - [**Ligamentum flavum**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/ligamenta-flava/) ligamenta flava - [**Lumbosacral ligament**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/lumbosacral-ligament/) Lumbosacral ligament - [**Nuchal ligament**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/nuchal-ligament/) ligamentum nuchae - [**Posterior longitudinal ligament**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/posterior-longitudinal-ligament/) ligamentum longitudinale posterius - [**Rib-to-spine ligaments**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/radiate-ligament-of-head-of-rib/) ligamentum radiatum capitis costae; ligamentum intraarticulare capitis costae; ligamentum costotransversarium - [**Sacroiliac ligaments**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/sacroiliac-ligaments/) ligamentum sacroiliacum anterius; ligamentum sacroiliacum interosseum; ligamentum sacroiliacum posterius - [**Sacrospinous ligament**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/sacrospinous-ligament/) ligamentum sacrospinale - [**Sacrotuberous ligament**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/sacrotuberous-ligament/) ligamentum sacrotuberale - [**Supraspinous ligament**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/supraspinous-ligament/) ligamentum supraspinale - [**Transverse ligament of the atlas**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/transverse-ligament-of-atlas/) ligamentum transversum atlantis; ligamentum cruciforme ## Capsule & fascia - [**Atlas–axis joints**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/median-and-lateral-atlanto-axial-joints/) articulatio atlantoaxialis mediana; articulatio atlantoaxialis lateralis - [**Dura (dural sac)**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/spinal-dura/) dura spinalis - [**Iliopsoas fascia**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/iliopsoas-fascia/) fascia iliopsoae - [**Low-back facet joints**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/zygapophysial-joints-spine-and-pelvis/) articulationes zygapophysiales - [**Mid-back facet joints**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/zygapophysial-joints-spine-and-pelvis-facet-joints-thoracic/) articulationes zygapophysiales - [**Neck facet joints**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/zygapophysial-joints/) articulationes zygapophysiales - [**Skull–atlas joints**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/atlanto-occipital-joint/) articulatio atlantooccipitalis - [**Thoracolumbar fascia**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/thoracolumbar-fascia/) fascia thoracolumbalis ## Bone & cartilage - [**Atlas (C1)**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/atlas/) atlas - [**Axis (C2)**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/axis/) axis - [**Base of the skull**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/occipital-bone/) os occipitale - [**C2–C3 disc**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/c2-c3/) discus intervertebralis C2-C3 - [**C2–C3 nucleus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/c2-c3-spine-and-pelvis/) nucleus pulposus C2-C3 - [**C3 vertebra**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/cervical-vertebrae/) vertebra cervicalis III - [**C3–C4 disc**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/c3-c4/) discus intervertebralis C3-C4 - [**C3–C4 nucleus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/c3-c4-spine-and-pelvis/) nucleus pulposus C3-C4 - [**C4 vertebra**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/c4/) vertebra cervicalis IV - [**C4–C5 disc**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/c4-c5/) discus intervertebralis C4-C5 - [**C4–C5 nucleus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/c4-c5-spine-and-pelvis/) nucleus pulposus C4-C5 - [**C5 vertebra**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/c5/) vertebra cervicalis V - [**C5–C6 disc**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/c5-c6/) discus intervertebralis C5-C6 - [**C5–C6 nucleus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/c5-c6-spine-and-pelvis/) nucleus pulposus C5-C6 - [**C6 vertebra**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/c6/) vertebra cervicalis VI - [**C6–C7 disc**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/c6-c7/) discus intervertebralis C6-C7 - [**C6–C7 nucleus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/c6-c7-spine-and-pelvis/) nucleus pulposus C6-C7 - [**C7 vertebra**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/vertebra-prominens/) vertebra prominens - [**C7–T1 disc**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/c7-t1/) discus intervertebralis C7-T1 - [**C7–T1 nucleus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/c7-t1-spine-and-pelvis/) nucleus pulposus C7-T1 - [**Coccyx**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/coccyx/) os coccygis - [**Endplates**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/vertebral-endplates/) facies intervertebralis - [**Femur**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/femur/) os femoris - [**Hip bone**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/hip-bone/) os coxae - [**L1 vertebra**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/lumbar-vertebra/) vertebra lumbalis I - [**L1–L2 disc**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/l1-l2/) discus intervertebralis L1-L2 - [**L1–L2 nucleus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/l1-l2-spine-and-pelvis/) nucleus pulposus L1-L2 - [**L2 vertebra**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/lumbar-vertebra-spine-and-pelvis/) vertebra lumbalis II - [**L2–L3 disc**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/l2-l3/) discus intervertebralis L2-L3 - [**L2–L3 nucleus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/l2-l3-spine-and-pelvis/) nucleus pulposus L2-L3 - [**L3 vertebra**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/lumbar-vertebra-spine-and-pelvis-l3/) vertebra lumbalis III - [**L3–L4 disc**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/l3-l4/) discus intervertebralis L3-L4 - [**L3–L4 nucleus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/l3-l4-spine-and-pelvis/) nucleus pulposus L3-L4 - [**L4 vertebra**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/lumbar-vertebra-spine-and-pelvis-l4/) vertebra lumbalis IV - [**L4–L5 disc**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/l4-l5/) discus intervertebralis L4-L5 - [**L4–L5 nucleus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/l4-l5-spine-and-pelvis/) nucleus pulposus L4-L5 - [**L5 vertebra**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/lumbar-vertebra-spine-and-pelvis-l5/) vertebra lumbalis V - [**L5–S1 disc**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/l5-s1/) discus intervertebralis L5-S1 - [**L5–S1 nucleus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/l5-s1-spine-and-pelvis/) nucleus pulposus L5-S1 - [**Pubic symphysis**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/pubic-symphysis/) symphysis pubica - [**Ribs (back part)**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/ribs/) costae - [**Sacrococcygeal joint**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/sacrococcygeal-joint/) junctura sacrococcygea - [**Sacrum**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/sacrum/) os sacrum - [**SI joint surfaces**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/sacroiliac-joint/) articulatio sacroiliaca - [**T1 vertebra**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t1/) vertebra thoracica I - [**T1–T2 disc**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t1-t2/) discus intervertebralis T1-T2 - [**T1–T2 nucleus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t1-t2-spine-and-pelvis/) nucleus pulposus T1-T2 - [**T10 vertebra**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t10/) vertebra thoracica X - [**T10–T11 disc**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t10-t11/) discus intervertebralis T10-T11 - [**T10–T11 nucleus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t10-t11-spine-and-pelvis/) nucleus pulposus T10-T11 - [**T11 vertebra**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t11/) vertebra thoracica XI - [**T11–T12 disc**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t11-t12/) discus intervertebralis T11-T12 - [**T11–T12 nucleus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t11-t12-spine-and-pelvis/) nucleus pulposus T11-T12 - [**T12 vertebra**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t12/) vertebra thoracica XII - [**T12–L1 disc**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t12-l1/) discus intervertebralis T12-L1 - [**T12–L1 nucleus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t12-l1-spine-and-pelvis/) nucleus pulposus T12-L1 - [**T2 vertebra**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t2/) vertebra thoracica II - [**T2–T3 disc**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t2-t3/) discus intervertebralis T2-T3 - [**T2–T3 nucleus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t2-t3-spine-and-pelvis/) nucleus pulposus T2-T3 - [**T3 vertebra**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t3/) vertebra thoracica III - [**T3–T4 disc**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t3-t4/) discus intervertebralis T3-T4 - [**T3–T4 nucleus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t3-t4-spine-and-pelvis/) nucleus pulposus T3-T4 - [**T4 vertebra**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t4/) vertebra thoracica IV - [**T4–T5 disc**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t4-t5/) discus intervertebralis T4-T5 - [**T4–T5 nucleus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t4-t5-spine-and-pelvis/) nucleus pulposus T4-T5 - [**T5 vertebra**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t5/) vertebra thoracica V - [**T5–T6 disc**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t5-t6/) discus intervertebralis T5-T6 - [**T5–T6 nucleus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t5-t6-spine-and-pelvis/) nucleus pulposus T5-T6 - [**T6 vertebra**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t6/) vertebra thoracica VI - [**T6–T7 disc**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t6-t7/) discus intervertebralis T6-T7 - [**T6–T7 nucleus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t6-t7-spine-and-pelvis/) nucleus pulposus T6-T7 - [**T7 vertebra**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t7/) vertebra thoracica VII - [**T7–T8 disc**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t7-t8/) discus intervertebralis T7-T8 - [**T7–T8 nucleus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t7-t8-spine-and-pelvis/) nucleus pulposus T7-T8 - [**T8 vertebra**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t8/) vertebra thoracica VIII - [**T8–T9 disc**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t8-t9/) discus intervertebralis T8-T9 - [**T8–T9 nucleus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t8-t9-spine-and-pelvis/) nucleus pulposus T8-T9 - [**T9 vertebra**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t9/) vertebra thoracica IX - [**T9–T10 disc**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t9-t10/) discus intervertebralis T9-T10 - [**T9–T10 nucleus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/t9-t10-spine-and-pelvis/) nucleus pulposus T9-T10 ## Muscle - [**Diaphragm**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/diaphragm/) diaphragma - [**External oblique**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/external-abdominal-oblique-muscle/) musculus obliquus externus abdominis - [**Gluteus maximus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/gluteus-maximus-muscle/) musculus gluteus maximus - [**Gluteus medius**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/gluteus-medius-muscle/) musculus gluteus medius - [**Iliacus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/iliacus-muscle/) musculus iliacus - [**Iliocostalis**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/iliocostalis-muscles/) musculi iliocostales - [**Internal oblique**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/internal-abdominal-oblique-muscle/) musculus obliquus internus abdominis - [**Interspinales**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/interspinales-muscles/) musculi interspinales - [**Intertransversarii**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/intertransversarii-muscles/) musculi intertransversarii - [**Latissimus dorsi**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/latissimus-dorsi-muscle/) musculus latissimus dorsi - [**Levator scapulae**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/levator-scapulae/) levator scapulae - [**Levatores costarum**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/levatores-costarum/) levatores costarum - [**Longissimus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/longissimus-muscles/) musculi longissimi - [**Longus capitis**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/longus-capitis-muscle/) musculus longus capitis - [**Longus colli**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/longus-colli-muscle/) musculus longus colli - [**Multifidus**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/multifidus-muscles/) musculi multifidi - [**Pelvic floor**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/levator-ani/) levator ani; musculus coccygeus - [**Piriformis**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/piriformis-muscle/) musculus piriformis - [**Platysma**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/platysma/) platysma - [**Psoas major**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/psoas-major/) psoas major - [**Quadratus lumborum**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/quadratus-lumborum-muscle/) musculus quadratus lumborum - [**Rectus abdominis**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/rectus-abdominis-muscle/) musculus rectus abdominis - [**Rectus capitis anterior and lateralis**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/rectus-anterior-capitis-muscle/) musculus rectus anterior capitis; musculus rectus lateralis capitis - [**Rhomboids**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/rhomboid-major-muscle/) musculus rhomboideus major; musculus rhomboideus minor - [**Rotatores**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/rotatores/) rotatores - [**Scalenes**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/scalenus-anterior-muscle/) musculus scalenus anterior; musculus scalenus medius; musculus scalenus posterior - [**Semispinalis**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/semispinalis-muscles/) musculi semispinales - [**Serratus posterior**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/serratus-posterior-superior-muscle/) musculus serratus posterior superior; musculus serratus posterior inferior - [**Spinalis**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/spinalis-muscles/) musculi spinales - [**Splenius**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/splenius-capitis-muscle/) musculi splenii - [**Sternocleidomastoid**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/sternocleidomastoid-muscle/) musculus sternocleidomastoideus - [**Suboccipital muscles**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/rectus-posterior-major-capitis-muscle/) musculus rectus posterior major capitis; musculus rectus posterior minor capitis; musculus obliquus superior capitis; musculus obliquus inferior capitis - [**Transversus abdominis**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/transversus-abdominis-muscle/) musculus transversus abdominis - [**Trapezius**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/trapezius-muscle/) musculus trapezius ## Skin - [**Skin**](https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/skin/) cutis Representative model, for educational purposes only. --- Source: https://durgical.com/en/anatomy/region/spine/