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# Gums and periodontium

Gingivitis, periodontitis by stage and grade, necrotising periodontal disease, periodontal abscess, drug-induced gingival overgrowth and bad breath.

6 pages

## Approach to a complaint

- [**Bad breath (halitosis): approach** Nine times out of ten bad breath starts in the mouth: the coated back of the tongue, gum disease…](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/bad-breath-approach/)

## Oral pathology

- [**Gingival overgrowth: drugs, leukaemia and other causes** Gums that grow over the teeth are often caused by medicines such as phenytoin, ciclosporin or…](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/gingival-overgrowth-drugs-leukaemia-and-other-causes/)
- [**Gingivitis: bleeding gums** Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums caused by plaque](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/gingivitis-bleeding-gums/)
- [**Necrotising gingivitis and periodontitis** A painful gum infection with punched-out, grey-covered papillae, bleeding and foul breath](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/necrotising-gingivitis-and-periodontitis/)
- [**Periodontal abscess versus periapical abscess** Not every gum swelling is the same abscess](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/periodontal-abscess-versus-periapical-abscess/)
- [**Periodontitis: stages, grades and links with general health** Periodontitis destroys the gum attachment and bone around teeth](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/periodontitis-stages-grades-and-links-with-general-health/)

## A to Z

- [A](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/a-z/a/)
- [B](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/a-z/b/)
- [C](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/a-z/c/)
- [D](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/a-z/d/)
- [E](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/a-z/e/)
- [F](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/a-z/f/)
- [G](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/a-z/g/)
- [H](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/a-z/h/)
- [I](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/a-z/i/)
- [J](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/a-z/j/)
- [K](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/a-z/k/)
- [L](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/a-z/l/)
- [M](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/a-z/m/)
- [N](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/a-z/n/)
- [O](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/a-z/o/)
- [P](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/a-z/p/)
- [R](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/a-z/r/)
- [S](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/a-z/s/)
- [T](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/a-z/t/)
- [V](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/a-z/v/)
- [W](https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/a-z/w/)

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Educational content; it does not replace assessment by a dentist or doctor and is not a clinical instruction. For facial or neck swelling with difficulty swallowing or breathing, a knocked-out tooth or bleeding that will not stop, go to an emergency department at once.

Representative model, for educational purposes only.

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Source: https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/areas/periodontal/
License: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Cite as: DurgiPedia (durgical.com), https://durgical.com/en/dentistry/areas/periodontal/