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# Procedures and technology

Ear, nose, sinus and throat surgery, endoscopy of the upper aerodigestive tract and energy technologies (laser, radiofrequency, coblation).

9 pages

- [**Classic sinus operations: antral puncture, inferior meatal antrostomy and Caldwell-Luc** Older maxillary sinus operations done before endoscopic surgery; little used today but still…](https://durgical.com/en/ent/classic-sinus-operations-antral-puncture-inferior-meatal-antrostomy-and-caldwell/)
- [**Direct laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy and oesophagoscopy** With rigid or flexible tubes and anaesthesia, the larynx, trachea, bronchi and oesophagus are…](https://durgical.com/en/ent/direct-laryngoscopy-bronchoscopy-and-oesophagoscopy/)
- [**Endoscopic sinus surgery** Through the nose and with an endoscope, the natural drainage openings of the sinuses are widened…](https://durgical.com/en/ent/endoscopic-sinus-surgery/)
- [**Lasers, radiofrequency, coblation, cryosurgery, hyperbaric oxygen and narrow-band imaging in ENT** Tools that cut, coagulate or freeze tissue, or that help healing and better viewing; each has…](https://durgical.com/en/ent/lasers-radiofrequency-coblation-cryosurgery-hyperbaric-oxygen-and-narrow-band-im/)
- [**Mastoidectomy: cortical, radical and modified radical** With a drill and a microscope, the mastoid air cells behind the ear are opened to remove…](https://durgical.com/en/ent/mastoidectomy-cortical-radical-and-modified-radical/)
- [**Myringoplasty and tympanoplasty** The hole in the eardrum is closed with a graft and, if needed, the ossicles are rebuilt to…](https://durgical.com/en/ent/myringoplasty-and-tympanoplasty/)
- [**Myringotomy and ear tubes (tympanostomy)** A small cut is made in the eardrum, the fluid is suctioned out and a tiny tube is left to…](https://durgical.com/en/ent/myringotomy-and-ear-tubes/)
- [**Septal surgery: septoplasty and submucous resection** A deviated nasal septum is straightened by lifting its lining and repositioning or removing the…](https://durgical.com/en/ent/septal-surgery-septoplasty-and-submucous-resection/)
- [**Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy: indications, technique and complications** The tonsils, the adenoids or both are removed through the mouth under general anaesthesia…](https://durgical.com/en/ent/tonsillectomy-and-adenoidectomy-indications-technique-and-complications/)

## A to Z

- [A](https://durgical.com/en/ent/a-z/a/)
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- [D](https://durgical.com/en/ent/a-z/d/)
- [E](https://durgical.com/en/ent/a-z/e/)
- [F](https://durgical.com/en/ent/a-z/f/)
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- [M](https://durgical.com/en/ent/a-z/m/)
- [N](https://durgical.com/en/ent/a-z/n/)
- [O](https://durgical.com/en/ent/a-z/o/)
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- [R](https://durgical.com/en/ent/a-z/r/)
- [S](https://durgical.com/en/ent/a-z/s/)
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Educational content; it does not replace a medical assessment and is not a clinical instruction. For a real case, follow current guidelines and specialist advice.

Representative model, for educational purposes only.

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Source: https://durgical.com/en/ent/areas/procedures/
License: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Cite as: DurgiPedia (durgical.com), https://durgical.com/en/ent/areas/procedures/