[Durgical](https://durgical.com/en/) › [DurgiPedia](https://durgical.com/en/durgipedia/) › [Epidemiology](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/) › Public health indicators # Public health indicators Mortality, morbidity, life expectancy, DALYs, rate standardisation and the demographic transition. 15 pages ## Concept - [**Age, period and cohort effects; reading trends** A rate changes because of people's age, because of something that happened in a given year, or…](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/age-period-and-cohort-effects-reading-trends/) - [**Demographic transition and the population pyramid** Populations move from many births and many deaths to few of both](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/demographic-transition-and-the-population-pyramid/) - [**Epidemiologic transition** With development, the main causes of death shift from infections to chronic diseases such as…](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/epidemiologic-transition/) - [**Quality of care: structure, process and outcome** Quality of care is measured in three layers: what care is given with, what is done, and what…](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/quality-of-care-structure-process-and-outcome/) - [**Social determinants of health** The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age, and how power and money are…](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/social-determinants-of-health/) - [**Sources of health data** Health indicators come from certificates, registries, surveys and medical records; each source…](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/sources-of-health-data/) ## Measure - [**Case fatality rate** Of the people who get a disease, how many die of it?](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/case-fatality-rate/) - [**Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)** They add the years lost by dying early and the years lived with illness or disability](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/disability-adjusted-life-years/) - [**Infant, neonatal and perinatal mortality** They count deaths of babies and young children per 1,000 live births](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/infant-neonatal-and-perinatal-mortality/) - [**Life expectancy** How many years a person would live on average if, all through life, they faced the age-specific…](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/life-expectancy/) - [**Maternal mortality ratio** It counts women who die from causes linked to pregnancy, birth or the weeks after, per 100,000…](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/maternal-mortality-ratio/) - [**Mortality rates: crude and specific** They count how many people die in a population over a period](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/mortality-rates-crude-and-specific/) - [**Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)** They combine how long people live and how well](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/quality-adjusted-life-years/) - [**Standardisation of rates** It lets you compare mortality between populations with different ages, as if they all had the…](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/standardisation-of-rates/) - [**Years of potential life lost** They add up how many years each person who died before a cut-off age still had ahead](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/years-of-potential-life-lost/) ## A to Z - [A](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/a/) - [B](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/b/) - [C](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/c/) - [D](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/d/) - [E](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/e/) - [F](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/f/) - [G](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/g/) - [H](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/h/) - [I](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/i/) - [K](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/k/) - [L](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/l/) - [M](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/m/) - [N](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/n/) - [O](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/o/) - [P](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/p/) - [Q](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/q/) - [R](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/r/) - [S](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/s/) - [T](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/t/) - [U](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/u/) - [V](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/v/) - [W](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/w/) - [Y](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/y/) [← Epidemiology, biostatistics and public health](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/) Educational content on epidemiological and statistical methods; the examples use made-up numbers to teach the calculation. Not a clinical or legal guide: current Colombian rules are in the official sources. Representative model, for educational purposes only. --- Source: https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/areas/indicators/ License: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Cite as: DurgiPedia (durgical.com), https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/areas/indicators/