[Durgical](https://durgical.com/en/) › [DurgiPedia](https://durgical.com/en/durgipedia/) › Epidemiology # Epidemiology, biostatistics and public health Study designs, measures and public health. 194 pages ## Start here - [Study design **Community trial** A prevention programme is tested in whole communities (towns, neighbourhoods) and compared with…](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/community-trial/) - [Statistical test **Analysis of variance (ANOVA)** It compares the means of three or more groups at once, in a single test, without inflating the…](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/analysis-of-variance/) - [System and programme **Notifiable events in Colombia** They are the diseases, deaths and situations every provider must report to SIVIGILA, each with…](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/notifiable-events-in-colombia/) - [Measure **Additive and multiplicative interaction** Two factors together can add or multiply their effects](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/additive-and-multiplicative-interaction/) - [Measure **Agreement and the kappa statistic** Kappa measures how much two observers agree beyond what they would agree on by pure chance](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/agreement-and-the-kappa-statistic/) - [Concept **Clinical practice guidelines** A clinical practice guideline gathers recommendations based on systematic reviews to help…](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/clinical-practice-guidelines/) - [Concept **Epidemiologic transition** With development, the main causes of death shift from infections to chronic diseases such as…](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/epidemiologic-transition/) - [Concept **Applying for research funding** How a project is put to a funding call: its parts, how the budget is built and the criteria used…](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/applying-for-research-funding/) ## Areas - [**Study designs** 30 pages Community trial · Blinding · Case report and case series](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/areas/designs/) - [**Biostatistics** 24 pages Analysis of variance (ANOVA) · Chi-square test · Choosing a statistical test](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/areas/stats/) - [**The Colombian health system** 23 pages Notifiable events in Colombia · The PAI as a public health programme · Comprehensive health care pathways (RIAS)](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/areas/colombia/) - [**Bias, confounding and causation** 17 pages Additive and multiplicative interaction · Attrition bias · Bradford Hill criteria for causation](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/areas/bias/) - [**Diagnostic tests** 15 pages Agreement and the kappa statistic · Agreement for continuous measures: ICC and Bland-Altman · Choosing a cutoff: sensitivity vs specificity](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/areas/diagnostic/) - [**Evidence-based medicine** 15 pages Clinical practice guidelines · Communicating risk and evidence · Critical appraisal of a paper](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/areas/ebm/) - [**P** **Public health indicators** 15 pages Epidemiologic transition · Maternal mortality ratio · Infant, neonatal and perinatal mortality](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/areas/indicators/) - [**Research methods** 14 pages Applying for research funding · Authorship, peer review and scientific communication · Choosing and defining variables](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/areas/research/) - [**Measures of frequency and association** 13 pages Absolute risk reduction · Attributable risk and attributable fraction · Incidence](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/areas/measures/) - [**Epidemiology basics** 9 pages Epidemiologic triad and chain of infection · Levels of prevention · History of epidemiology](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/areas/basics/) - [**Survival analysis** 7 pages Actuarial life tables · Five-year and relative survival · Hazard ratio and the Cox model](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/areas/survival/) - [**Surveillance and outbreaks** 7 pages Basic reproduction number (R0) and herd immunity · Endemic, epidemic, outbreak and pandemic · Outbreak investigation](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/areas/outbreaks/) - [**Screening** 5 pages Overdiagnosis · Principles of screening · Lead-time bias](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/areas/screening/) - ## A to Z - [A](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/a/) - [B](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/b/) - [C](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/c/) - [D](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/d/) - [E](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/e/) - [F](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/f/) - [G](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/g/) - [H](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/h/) - [I](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/i/) - [K](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/k/) - [L](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/l/) - [M](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/m/) - [N](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/n/) - [O](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/o/) - [P](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/p/) - [Q](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/q/) - [R](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/r/) - [S](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/s/) - [T](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/t/) - [U](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/u/) - [V](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/v/) - [W](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/w/) - [Y](https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/a-z/y/) ## About this section What the exams ask and what you need to read a paper: how a study is designed, how to measure how common a disease is and how strong an association is, how to judge a diagnostic test, what bias and chance are, and how public health works in Colombia. Every concept comes with a worked example in numbers. Educational content on epidemiological and statistical methods; the examples use made-up numbers to teach the calculation. Not a clinical or legal guide: current Colombian rules are in the official sources. Representative model, for educational purposes only. --- Source: https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/ License: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Cite as: DurgiPedia (durgical.com), https://durgical.com/en/epidemiology/