[Durgical](https://durgical.com/en/) › [DurgiPedia](https://durgical.com/en/durgipedia/) › [General pathology](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/) › Female genital tract # Female genital tract Vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, tubes, ovary and the pathology of pregnancy. 40 pages ## Lesion - [**Acute and chronic endometritis** Infection of the endometrium follows delivery, abortion or devices; neutrophils mark the acute…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/acute-and-chronic-endometritis/) - [**Benign vulvar lesions** A blocked gland, two white itchy skin conditions and the genital wart: the common benign lesions…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/benign-vulvar-lesions/) - [**Cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL, HSIL)** Cervical precancer is graded by how far up the epithelium the immature, abnormal cells reach](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/cervical-squamous-intraepithelial-lesions/) - [**Cervicitis and endocervical polyps** Some inflammation of the cervix is almost universal; infections such as Chlamydia matter because…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/cervicitis-and-endocervical-polyps/) - [**Choriocarcinoma and trophoblastic tumours** Cancers of placental cells: choriocarcinoma spreads fast through the blood but is usually…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/choriocarcinoma-and-trophoblastic-tumours/) - [**Diseases of the fallopian tube** The tube is small but busy: infection scars it, cysts hang from it, and its fimbriae are where…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/diseases-of-the-fallopian-tube/) - [**Diseases of the vagina** The vagina is seldom the starting point of disease: developmental remnants, a few HPV-related…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/diseases-of-the-vagina/) - [**Ectopic pregnancy** When an embryo implants outside the uterus, usually in the tube, the tube cannot stretch; it…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/ectopic-pregnancy/) - [**Endometrial polyps and hyperplasia** Too much estrogen without progesterone makes endometrial glands multiply](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/endometrial-polyps-and-hyperplasia/) - [**Endometrial stromal tumours** Rare uterine tumours of the endometrial stroma; the border and the gene fusion decide whether…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/endometrial-stromal-tumours/) - [**Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma** The common endometrial cancer: it grows from estrogen-driven hyperplasia, looks like endometrium…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/endometrioid-endometrial-carcinoma/) - [**Endometrioid, clear cell and Brenner tumours of the ovary** Two ovarian cancers that grow out of endometriosis, and a mostly benign tumour made of cells…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/endometrioid-clear-cell-and-brenner-tumours-of-the-ovary/) - [**Endometriosis and adenomyosis** Endometrial tissue living where it should not: outside the uterus in endometriosis, inside the…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/endometriosis-and-adenomyosis/) - [**Endometrium and abnormal uterine bleeding** The endometrium reads like a hormone diary](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/endometrium-and-abnormal-uterine-bleeding/) - [**Granulosa cell tumours: adult and juvenile** An ovarian tumour that makes estrogen: it causes bleeding and endometrial cancer in older women…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/granulosa-cell-tumours-adult-and-juvenile/) - [**High-grade endometrial cancers: serous, clear cell, carcinosarcoma** Three aggressive endometrial cancers of older women: they come from p53 damage rather than…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/high-grade-endometrial-cancers-serous-clear-cell-carcinosarcoma/) - [**High-grade serous carcinoma** The deadliest ovarian cancer usually starts in the tube, carries TP53 mutation and has spread…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/high-grade-serous-carcinoma/) - [**Hydatidiform mole: complete vs partial** A molar pregnancy is a placenta with too many paternal chromosomes: the villi swell like grapes…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/hydatidiform-mole-complete-vs-partial/) - [**Infections of the vulva, vagina and cervix** Most lower genital infections are common and curable, but herpes stays for life and some of them…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/infections-of-the-vulva-vagina-and-cervix/) - [**Invasive cervical carcinoma** Most cervical cancers are squamous and HPV-driven; they spread sideways into the tissues around…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/invasive-cervical-carcinoma/) - [**Low-grade serous ovarian tumours** Serous tumours that grow slowly: from a harmless cyst to a borderline tumour and, rarely, a…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/low-grade-serous-ovarian-tumours/) - [**Malignant ovarian germ cell tumours** Fast-growing ovarian cancers of girls and young women; each makes its own blood marker, and most…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/malignant-ovarian-germ-cell-tumours/) - [**Metastases to the ovary** Not every ovarian cancer starts in the ovary: stomach, bowel and breast cancers often land…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/metastases-to-the-ovary/) - [**Mucinous ovarian tumours** Mucinous ovarian tumours can be huge sticky cysts, mostly benign](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/mucinous-ovarian-tumours/) - [**Non-neoplastic ovarian cysts and polycystic ovaries** Most ovarian cysts are leftovers of the normal cycle and go away](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/non-neoplastic-ovarian-cysts-and-polycystic-ovaries/) - [**Other sex cord–stromal tumours** Solid ovarian tumours of the supporting cells: fibromas can bring ascites and pleural fluid, and…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/other-sex-cord-stromal-tumours/) - [**Ovarian teratomas** A teratoma grows hair, skin, teeth and even brain](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/ovarian-teratomas/) - [**Pelvic inflammatory disease** Bacteria climb from the cervix into the uterus and tubes; the infection heals with scars that…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/pelvic-inflammatory-disease/) - [**Placenta previa and placenta accreta spectrum** If the placenta lies over the cervix or grows into the uterine wall where there is no lining…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/placenta-previa-and-placenta-accreta-spectrum/) - [**Placental infections** Bacteria climbing from the vagina inflame the membranes and can start preterm labour; germs…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/placental-infections/) - [**Spontaneous abortion** Most early miscarriages happen because the embryo has the wrong number of chromosomes; a smaller…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/spontaneous-abortion/) - [**The placenta in late pregnancy** In later pregnancy the placenta can fail from the mother's side (poor blood supply) or the…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/the-placenta-in-late-pregnancy/) - [**Uterine leiomyoma** Fibroids are benign smooth-muscle tumours, the most common tumour in women; they grow with…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/uterine-leiomyoma/) - [**Uterine leiomyosarcoma vs leiomyoma** A rare, malignant smooth-muscle tumour of the uterus that arises on its own, not from a fibroid…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/uterine-leiomyosarcoma-vs-leiomyoma/) - [**Vulvar neoplasia** Vulvar cancer has two roads: HPV in younger women, chronic skin disease in older women](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/vulvar-neoplasia/) ## Technique - [**Cervical cancer screening and prevention** Cervical cancer takes years to develop from a visible precursor; screening finds it in that…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/cervical-cancer-screening-and-prevention/) ## Topic - [**Endometrial carcinoma: types and molecular groups** Endometrial cancer is two diseases under the microscope and four in the genes](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/endometrial-carcinoma-types-and-molecular-groups/) - [**Ovarian tumours: classification** Ovarian tumours are named after the cell they come from](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/ovarian-tumours-classification/) ## Mechanism - [**HPV and cervical carcinogenesis** Almost every cervical cancer starts with a persistent high-risk HPV infection whose two proteins…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/hpv-and-cervical-carcinogenesis/) - [**Preeclampsia and eclampsia** A poorly built placenta releases factors that damage the mother's blood vessels; blood pressure…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/preeclampsia-and-eclampsia/) ## A to Z - [A](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/a/) - [B](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/b/) - [C](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/c/) - [D](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/d/) - [E](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/e/) - [F](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/f/) - [G](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/g/) - [H](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/h/) - [I](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/i/) - [J](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/j/) - [K](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/k/) - [L](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/l/) - [M](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/m/) - [N](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/n/) - [O](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/o/) - [P](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/p/) - [R](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/r/) - [S](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/s/) - [T](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/t/) - [U](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/u/) - [V](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/v/) - [W](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/w/) [← General pathology](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/) Educational content on the mechanisms of disease; not a diagnostic or treatment guide and no substitute for a health professional's advice. No doses are given. Representative model, for educational purposes only. --- Source: https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/areas/female-genital/ License: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Cite as: DurgiPedia (durgical.com), https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/areas/female-genital/