[Durgical](https://durgical.com/en/) › [DurgiPedia](https://durgical.com/en/durgipedia/) › [General pathology](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/) › Head and neck # Head and neck Oral cavity, nose and sinuses, larynx, ear, neck and salivary glands. 17 pages ## Lesion - [**Aphthous ulcers and reactive oral lesions** Common benign mouth lesions: painful shallow ulcers (canker sores) and lumps that grow in…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/aphthous-ulcers-and-reactive-oral-lesions/) - [**Benign lesions of the larynx** Benign laryngeal lesions change the voice: inflammation, nodules from voice strain, and HPV…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/benign-lesions-of-the-larynx/) - [**Caries, gingivitis and periodontitis: the lesion view** Plaque bacteria make acid that dissolves enamel (caries) and inflame the gums (gingivitis)…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/caries-gingivitis-and-periodontitis-the-lesion-view/) - [**Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma** Most are squamous](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/head-and-neck-squamous-cell-carcinoma/) - [**Laryngeal carcinoma** Laryngeal cancer is a squamous carcinoma of smokers and drinkers](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/laryngeal-carcinoma/) - [**Leukoplakia and erythroplakia** Leukoplakia is a white patch and erythroplakia a red patch in the mouth with no other…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/leukoplakia-and-erythroplakia/) - [**Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: EBV, keratinizing and nonkeratinizing types** A cancer of the nasopharynx closely tied to Epstein–Barr virus and to certain regions](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/nasopharyngeal-carcinoma-ebv-keratinizing-and-nonkeratinizing-types/) - [**Neck cysts and paraganglioma** Lumps unique to the neck: embryonic remnant cysts at the side or midline, and paragangliomas at…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/neck-cysts-and-paraganglioma/) - [**Necrotizing lesions of the nose and upper airway** Three different diseases can destroy the nose and palate: an invasive fungus, an ANCA…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/necrotizing-lesions-of-the-nose-and-upper-airway/) - [**Odontogenic cysts and tumours** Cysts and tumours of the jaws arise from tooth-forming tissues](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/odontogenic-cysts-and-tumours/) - [**Oral infections and the mouth in systemic disease** The mouth shows infections (herpes, Candida, fungi) and often gives the first sign of a systemic…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/oral-infections-and-the-mouth-in-systemic-disease/) - [**Pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin tumour** Pleomorphic adenoma is a mixed tumour with cartilage-like stroma that recurs if shelled out…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/pleomorphic-adenoma-and-warthin-tumour/) - [**Rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis and tonsillitis** Viruses and allergens inflame the nose and throat](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/rhinitis-sinusitis-pharyngitis-and-tonsillitis/) - [**Sialadenitis and xerostomia** Dry mouth and inflamed salivary glands come from drugs, radiation, autoimmunity, viruses, stones…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/sialadenitis-and-xerostomia/) - [**Sinonasal tumours** Rare nasal and sinus tumours: a bleeding vascular tumour of teenage boys, inverted papillomas…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/sinonasal-tumours/) - [**The ear: otitis media, cholesteatoma, otosclerosis and ear tumours** Ear disease rarely kills but often impairs hearing: middle ear infection, keratin cysts that…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/the-ear-otitis-media-cholesteatoma-otosclerosis-and-ear-tumours/) ## Topic - [**Salivary gland tumours** Most salivary tumours are in the parotid and are benign](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/salivary-gland-tumours/) ## A to Z - [A](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/a/) - [B](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/b/) - [C](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/c/) - [D](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/d/) - [E](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/e/) - [F](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/f/) - [G](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/g/) - [H](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/h/) - [I](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/i/) - [J](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/j/) - [K](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/k/) - [L](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/l/) - [M](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/m/) - [N](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/n/) - [O](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/o/) - [P](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/p/) - [R](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/r/) - [S](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/s/) - [T](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/t/) - [U](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/u/) - [V](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/v/) - [W](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/w/) [← General pathology](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/) Educational content on the mechanisms of disease; not a diagnostic or treatment guide and no substitute for a health professional's advice. No doses are given. Representative model, for educational purposes only. --- Source: https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/areas/head-neck/ License: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Cite as: DurgiPedia (durgical.com), https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/areas/head-neck/