[Durgical](https://durgical.com/en/) › [DurgiPedia](https://durgical.com/en/durgipedia/) › [General pathology](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/) › Heart # Heart Heart failure, congenital disease, ischemia, valve disease, cardiomyopathies, pericardium and tumours. 28 pages ## Topic - [**Arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death** Most sudden cardiac deaths are a fatal rhythm in a diseased heart, usually coronary disease; in…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/arrhythmias-and-sudden-cardiac-death/) - [**Cardiomyopathies: classification** Cardiomyopathies are diseases of the heart muscle itself](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/cardiomyopathies-classification/) - [**Congenital heart disease: overview** About one baby in a hundred is born with a heart defect](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/congenital-heart-disease-overview/) - [**Heart transplantation and cardiac devices** Replacing a failing heart or valve saves lives but brings its own problems: rejection, clots…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/heart-transplantation-and-cardiac-devices/) - [**Valve disease: causes by valve** A valve can open too little (stenosis) or close too poorly (regurgitation)](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/valve-disease-causes-by-valve/) ## Lesion - [**Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy** In arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, heart muscle cells come apart and are replaced by fat and…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/arrhythmogenic-cardiomyopathy/) - [**Calcific valve disease** With age, calcium builds up on heart valves](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/calcific-valve-disease/) - [**Chagas heart disease** Chagas disease, caused by a parasite spread by triatomine bugs, can scar the heart years later…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/chagas-heart-disease/) - [**Complications of myocardial infarction** After a heart attack, different problems strike at different times: rhythm problems first, wall…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/complications-of-myocardial-infarction/) - [**Dilated cardiomyopathy** In dilated cardiomyopathy the heart becomes large, baggy and weak](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/dilated-cardiomyopathy/) - [**Hypertensive heart disease and cor pulmonale** Long-standing high blood pressure thickens the left ventricle; high pressure in the lungs…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/hypertensive-heart-disease-and-cor-pulmonale/) - [**Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy** In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, an inherited defect makes the heart wall grow very thick and…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy/) - [**Infective endocarditis** Germs settle on a heart valve and form a friable clump that destroys the valve and throws…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/infective-endocarditis/) - [**Left- vs right-sided heart failure** A failing left heart backs blood into the lungs; a failing right heart backs it into the liver…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/left-vs-right-sided-heart-failure/) - [**Left-to-right shunts: ASD, VSD, PDA, AV canal** Holes that let oxygenated blood flow back to the right heart and lungs](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/left-to-right-shunts-asd-vsd-pda-av-canal/) - [**Mitral valve prolapse: myxomatous degeneration and what it leads to** In mitral valve prolapse, the valve leaflets become soft and floppy and bulge back into the…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/mitral-valve-prolapse-myxomatous-degeneration-and-what-it-leads-to/) - [**Myocardial infarction: pathogenesis** A heart attack is the death of heart muscle when a clot blocks a coronary artery](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/myocardial-infarction-pathogenesis/) - [**Myocarditis** Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle that injures myocytes](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/myocarditis/) - [**Non-infected vegetations: marantic, Libman–Sacks, carcinoid** Not every growth on a heart valve is an infection](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/non-infected-vegetations-marantic-libman-sacks-carcinoid/) - [**Obstructive congenital heart lesions** Some babies are born with a narrowing in the aorta, a valve or a chamber](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/obstructive-congenital-heart-lesions/) - [**Pericardial disease** Fluid, blood or inflammation can fill or stiffen the sac around the heart](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/pericardial-disease/) - [**Restrictive cardiomyopathy and cardiac amyloidosis** In restrictive disease, a stiff heart cannot fill](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/restrictive-cardiomyopathy-and-cardiac-amyloidosis/) - [**Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease** After a strep throat, the immune system can attack the heart](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/rheumatic-fever-and-rheumatic-heart-disease/) - [**Right-to-left shunts: tetralogy, transposition and others** These defects send blue blood straight to the body, so babies are cyanotic from early life](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/right-to-left-shunts-tetralogy-transposition-and-others/) - [**Toxic and radiation injury of the myocardium** Some cancer drugs, cocaine, high adrenaline, thyroid disease and chest radiation can damage the…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/toxic-and-radiation-injury-of-the-myocardium/) - [**Tumours of the heart** Tumours that start in the heart are rare](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/tumours-of-the-heart/) ## Mechanism - [**Heart failure: hypertrophy and remodelling** A strained heart first grows thicker or wider to cope](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/heart-failure-hypertrophy-and-remodelling/) - [**Ischaemic heart disease** The heart muscle suffers when its supply of oxygenated blood falls short of demand, almost…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/ischaemic-heart-disease/) ## A to Z - [A](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/a/) - [B](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/b/) - [C](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/c/) - [D](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/d/) - [E](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/e/) - [F](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/f/) - [G](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/g/) - [H](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/h/) - [I](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/i/) - [J](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/j/) - [K](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/k/) - [L](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/l/) - [M](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/m/) - [N](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/n/) - [O](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/o/) - [P](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/p/) - [R](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/r/) - [S](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/s/) - [T](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/t/) - [U](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/u/) - [V](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/v/) - [W](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/w/) [← General pathology](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/) Educational content on the mechanisms of disease; not a diagnostic or treatment guide and no substitute for a health professional's advice. 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