[Durgical](https://durgical.com/en/) › [DurgiPedia](https://durgical.com/en/durgipedia/) › [General pathology](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/) › White cells, lymph nodes, spleen and thymus # White cells, lymph nodes, spleen and thymus Reactive nodes, leukaemias, lymphomas, plasma cell and myeloid neoplasms, spleen and thymus. 29 pages ## Lesion - [**Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma** The commonest childhood cancer: immature lymphocytes fill the marrow and push out normal blood…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/acute-lymphoblastic-leukaemia-lymphoma/) - [**Acute myeloid leukaemia** Immature myeloid cells fill the marrow within weeks, causing anaemia, infections and bleeding](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/acute-myeloid-leukaemia/) - [**Acute promyelocytic leukaemia** A leukaemia that bleeds: abnormal promyelocytes trigger clotting and fibrinolysis, but a vitamin…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/acute-promyelocytic-leukaemia/) - [**Burkitt lymphoma** One of the fastest-growing human tumours: B cells driven by MYC, with a starry-sky pattern](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/burkitt-lymphoma/) - [**Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL/SLL)** A slow cancer of small mature B cells in older adults](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/chronic-lymphocytic-leukaemia/) - [**Chronic myeloid leukaemia** One swapped chromosome makes a kinase that never switches off](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia/) - [**Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma** The commonest aggressive lymphoma: sheets of large B cells grow fast in a node or organ](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/diffuse-large-b-cell-lymphoma/) - [**Diseases of the thymus** The thymus can fail to form, grow lymphoid follicles in autoimmune disease, or give rise to…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/diseases-of-the-thymus/) - [**Essential thrombocythaemia and primary myelofibrosis** Two marrow neoplasms with the same genes: one makes too many platelets, the other scars the…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/essential-thrombocythaemia-and-primary-myelofibrosis/) - [**Follicular lymphoma** A slow-growing lymphoma of germinal centre B cells that cannot die because they make too much…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/follicular-lymphoma/) - [**Hairy cell leukaemia: BRAF V600E, the dry tap and the red-pulp spleen** A rare, slow B-cell leukaemia of middle-aged men with fine hair-like projections, a huge spleen…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/hairy-cell-leukaemia-braf-v600e-the-dry-tap-and-the-red-pulp-spleen/) - [**Histiocytic disorders: HLH and Langerhans cell histiocytosis** Two very different disorders of histiocytes: a reactive cytokine storm that eats blood cells…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/histiocytic-disorders-hlh-and-langerhans-cell-histiocytosis/) - [**Hodgkin lymphoma** A lymphoma in which a few large tumour cells hide among many normal inflammatory cells](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/hodgkin-lymphoma/) - [**Mantle cell lymphoma: cyclin D1, CD5 and lymphomatous polyposis** A lymphoma of the B cells that ring the germinal centre](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/mantle-cell-lymphoma-cyclin-d1-cd5-and-lymphomatous-polyposis/) - [**Marginal zone lymphomas** Slow lymphomas that grow where chronic infection or autoimmunity keeps B cells stimulated; early…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/marginal-zone-lymphomas/) - [**Multiple myeloma** Cancer of plasma cells in the bone marrow: it eats bone, raises calcium, harms the kidneys and…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/multiple-myeloma/) - [**Myelodysplastic neoplasms** A marrow full of faulty cells that die before leaving: the blood is low, the marrow is busy, and…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/myelodysplastic-neoplasms/) - [**Neutropenia and agranulocytosis** Too few neutrophils leave the body open to bacteria and fungi](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/neutropenia-and-agranulocytosis/) - [**Nodal T-cell lymphomas** Uncommon, mostly aggressive lymphomas of mature T cells that arise in lymph nodes](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/nodal-t-cell-lymphomas/) - [**Other lesions of the spleen** The spleen can lose its blood supply, tear, carry rare tumours or extra small spleens, and when…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/other-lesions-of-the-spleen/) - [**Polycythaemia and polycythaemia vera** Too many red cells: sometimes only too little plasma, sometimes a response to low oxygen, and…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/polycythaemia-and-polycythaemia-vera/) - [**Reactive leukocytosis** A high white count is usually the body reacting to infection, allergy or stress](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/reactive-leukocytosis/) - [**Reactive lymphadenitis: the patterns** Lymph nodes swell when they fight](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/reactive-lymphadenitis-the-patterns/) - [**Splenomegaly and hypersplenism** A spleen grows when it works harder, holds back blood, is invaded by cells or stores material](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/splenomegaly-and-hypersplenism/) - [**T- and NK-cell leukaemias and extranodal lymphomas** T and NK cells can become cancers of the blood, skin or nose](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/t-and-nk-cell-leukaemias-and-extranodal-lymphomas/) ## Topic - [**Myeloproliferative neoplasms: overview** Marrow stem cells with a stuck-on growth signal make too many mature blood cells](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/myeloproliferative-neoplasms-overview/) - [**Plasma cell disorders: MGUS to myeloma** A clone of plasma cells makes one antibody (an M protein)](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/plasma-cell-disorders-mgus-to-myeloma/) - [**White-cell neoplasms: classification** Blood cancers are sorted by the cell they come from and where they live](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/white-cell-neoplasms-classification/) ## Mechanism - [**White-cell neoplasms: causes and translocations** Leukaemias and lymphomas start with genetic accidents, often swapped chromosome pieces, helped…](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/white-cell-neoplasms-causes-and-translocations/) ## A to Z - [A](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/a/) - [B](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/b/) - [C](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/c/) - [D](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/d/) - [E](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/e/) - [F](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/f/) - [G](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/g/) - [H](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/h/) - [I](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/i/) - [J](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/j/) - [K](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/k/) - [L](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/l/) - [M](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/m/) - [N](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/n/) - [O](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/o/) - [P](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/p/) - [R](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/r/) - [S](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/s/) - [T](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/t/) - [U](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/u/) - [V](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/v/) - [W](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/a-z/w/) [← General pathology](https://durgical.com/en/general-pathology/) Educational content on the mechanisms of disease; not a diagnostic or treatment guide and no substitute for a health professional's advice. 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