[Durgical](https://durgical.com/en/) › [DurgiPedia](https://durgical.com/en/durgipedia/) › [Medical ethics](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/) › Research ethics # Research ethics Nuremberg, Helsinki, Belmont, CIOMS, Colombia's Resolution 8430 of 1993 and ethics committees. 11 pages ## Topic - [**Clinical equipoise and placebo controls** A trial is ethical if experts do not know which treatment is better; placebo is used only when…](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/clinical-equipoise-and-placebo-controls/) - [**Research abuses that changed the rules: Tuskegee, Willowbrook, Guatemala** Three studies in which vulnerable people were deceived, infected or left untreated, and which…](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/research-abuses-that-changed-the-rules-tuskegee-willowbrook-guatemala/) - [**Research ethics committees** An independent group reviews and approves each study with people before it starts, and monitors…](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/research-ethics-committees/) - [**Research misconduct: fabrication, falsification, plagiarism** Making up data, altering it or copying others' work without credit is research misconduct; an…](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/research-misconduct-fabrication-falsification-plagiarism/) - [**Vulnerable groups in research** Some people are more likely to be pressured or harmed in a study; they are included only with…](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/vulnerable-groups-in-research/) ## Procedure - [**Informed consent in research** Before joining a study, the person receives clear information, understands it and decides…](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/informed-consent-in-research/) ## Law - [**Resolution 8430 of 1993: health research in Colombia and its risk categories** The Colombian rule for research with people: an ethics committee, written consent and three risk…](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/resolution-8430-of-1993-health-research-in-colombia-and-its-risk-categories/) ## International document - [**The Belmont Report (1979)** A US report that sums up research ethics in three principles: respect for persons, beneficence…](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/the-belmont-report/) - [**The CIOMS international ethical guidelines** Twenty-five guidelines from CIOMS and WHO that explain how to apply Helsinki in practice…](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/the-cioms-international-ethical-guidelines/) - [**The Declaration of Helsinki** The World Medical Association's ethical principles for medical research involving human beings…](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/the-declaration-of-helsinki/) - [**The Nuremberg Code (1947)** Ten rules for experiments on human beings, written by the judges who convicted the Nazi doctors…](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/the-nuremberg-code/) ## A to Z - [A](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/a-z/a/) - [B](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/a-z/b/) - [C](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/a-z/c/) - [D](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/a-z/d/) - [E](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/a-z/e/) - [F](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/a-z/f/) - [G](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/a-z/g/) - [H](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/a-z/h/) - [I](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/a-z/i/) - [J](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/a-z/j/) - [K](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/a-z/k/) - [L](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/a-z/l/) - [M](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/a-z/m/) - [N](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/a-z/n/) - [O](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/a-z/o/) - [P](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/a-z/p/) - [Q](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/a-z/q/) - [R](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/a-z/r/) - [S](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/a-z/s/) - [T](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/a-z/t/) - [U](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/a-z/u/) - [V](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/a-z/v/) - [W](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/a-z/w/) [← Medical ethics and health law](https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/) Educational content on ethics and health law; not legal advice. Laws and case law change: each page links the official text and says when it was last checked. For a real case, read the text in force and ask a lawyer or the medical ethics tribunal. Representative model, for educational purposes only. --- Source: https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/areas/research/ License: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Cite as: DurgiPedia (durgical.com), https://durgical.com/en/medical-ethics/areas/research/