[Durgical](https://durgical.com/en/) › [DurgiPedia](https://durgical.com/en/durgipedia/) › [Nursing](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/) › Paediatric nursing # Paediatric nursing The child and adolescent: AIEPI, family-centred care, assessment, pain, the hospitalised child and common childhood problems. 39 pages ## Assessment - [**Acute malnutrition in children under five: detection, the appetite test and follow-up (Res. 2350 de 2020)** Weight for length, arm circumference and oedema find acute malnutrition; the appetite test…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/acute-malnutrition-in-children-under-five-detection-the-appetite-test-and-follow/) - [**Assessing dehydration in a child with diarrhoea or vomiting, including intake and output** General state, eyes, thirst and skin pinch classify dehydration; weight, wet nappies and intake…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/assessing-dehydration-in-a-child-with-diarrhoea-or-vomiting-including-intake-and/) - [**Child maltreatment: what nurses look for, record and report** Nurses notice injuries that do not fit the story, record exactly what they see and hear, and…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/child-maltreatment-what-nurses-look-for-record-and-report/) - [**Diabetic ketoacidosis in children: nursing monitoring and cerebral-oedema warning signs** A child in DKA needs hour-by-hour observation on a flow chart; the nurse's main job is to catch…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/diabetic-ketoacidosis-in-children-nursing-monitoring-and-cerebral-oedema-warning/) - [**Examining a child: order by age, preparing the child and child-specific measurement technique** Look first without touching, measure breathing and pulse while the child is calm, and use the…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/examining-a-child-order-by-age-preparing-the-child-and-child-specific-measuremen/) - [**General danger signs in the sick child: assess, classify by colour and refer** Four quick checks (can drink, vomits everything, convulsions, lethargy) find the sick child who…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/general-danger-signs-in-the-sick-child-assess-classify-by-colour-and-refer/) - [**Neurological checks in children: paediatric Glasgow, fontanelle, raised intracranial pressure and head-injury observation** In a child, neuro checks adapt the Glasgow scale to age, include the fontanelle in infants and…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/neurological-checks-in-children-paediatric-glasgow-fontanelle-raised-intracrania/) - [**Recognising the deteriorating child: the paediatric assessment triangle, PEWS and early shock** A quick look at appearance, breathing and skin, age-based vital signs and an early-warning score…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/recognising-the-deteriorating-child-the-paediatric-assessment-triangle-pews-and/) ## Fundamental - [**AIEPI: the integrated strategy for childhood illness in Colombia and the nurse's role** AIEPI is a WHO, UNICEF and PAHO strategy that checks the whole sick child, sorts the problem by…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/aiepi-the-integrated-strategy-for-childhood-illness-in-colombia-and-the-nurse-s/) - [**Family-centred and atraumatic care of the child** The family is a partner in the child's care, and every step aims to cause the child and family…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/family-centred-and-atraumatic-care-of-the-child/) - [**Palliative and end-of-life care for children and their families** Palliative care for children starts at diagnosis, runs alongside treatment, relieves suffering…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/palliative-and-end-of-life-care-for-children-and-their-families/) - [**The hospitalised child: stress by age, separation, the family and siblings** Hospital takes a child away from routine, home and often family; the nurse reduces that stress…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/the-hospitalised-child-stress-by-age-separation-the-family-and-siblings/) ## Procedure - [**Collecting urine, stool, blood and respiratory specimens from children** Pick the collection method that fits the child and the test, keep the sample clean, take as…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/collecting-urine-stool-blood-and-respiratory-specimens-from-children/) - [**Inhalers with spacer and mask, and nebulisers, in children** A spacer, with a mask in small children, helps more of the inhaled medicine reach the airways…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/inhalers-with-spacer-and-mask-and-nebulisers-in-children/) - [**Oral rehydration at home and in the clinic: plans A and B, continued feeding and warning signs** Plan A prevents dehydration at home; plan B corrects some dehydration with oral solution in the…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/oral-rehydration-at-home-and-in-the-clinic-plans-a-and-b-continued-feeding-and-w/) - [**Peripheral IV therapy in children: sites, securement, pumps and fluid-overload risk** Children's IV lines fail and leak easily, so choose the site carefully, protect it, check it…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/peripheral-iv-therapy-in-children-sites-securement-pumps-and-fluid-overload-risk/) ## Safe practice - [**Communicating with children by age, and with their parents** Match the words, the timing and the length of an explanation to the child's age, be honest, and…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/communicating-with-children-by-age-and-with-their-parents/) - [**Complementary feeding from 6 months: counselling the family** From 6 months the baby needs other foods besides breast milk: start small, thicken and vary…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/complementary-feeding-from-6-months-counselling-the-family/) - [**Giving medicines to children safely: checks, liquid measures, routes and sites by age (no doses)** Children's medicines are weight-based and often liquid, so errors are common: check weight and…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/giving-medicines-to-children-safely-checks-liquid-measures-routes-and-sites-by-a/) - [**Nursing the child with congenital heart disease: feeding, hypercyanotic spells, heart failure and catheterisation** Babies with heart defects tire while feeding and can turn blue or develop heart failure; the…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/nursing-the-child-with-congenital-heart-disease-feeding-hypercyanotic-spells-hea/) - [**Nursing the child with nephrotic syndrome or glomerulonephritis: weight, oedema, urine and blood pressure** Daily weight, urine checks, blood pressure and watching the oedema tell the nurse whether a…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/nursing-the-child-with-nephrotic-syndrome-or-glomerulonephritis-weight-oedema-ur/) - [**Nursing the infant with bronchiolitis: nasal suction, feeding, oxygen and when to escalate** Bronchiolitis care is supportive: clear the nose, keep the baby fed and hydrated, give oxygen…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/nursing-the-infant-with-bronchiolitis-nasal-suction-feeding-oxygen-and-when-to-e/) - [**Pain in children: procedural and postoperative pain, sucrose, topical anaesthesia, distraction and reassessment** Assess pain with a tool that fits the child's age, prevent procedural pain with simple measures…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/pain-in-children-procedural-and-postoperative-pain-sucrose-topical-anaesthesia-d/) - [**Preparing a child for procedures and surgery: therapeutic play, comfort holding and consent** Age-matched explanation, play with the equipment, a parent holding the child and the right…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/preparing-a-child-for-procedures-and-surgery-therapeutic-play-comfort-holding-an/) - [**Preventing injuries by age, and safe sleep for infants** Most child injuries are preventable: make the home safe for the child's age, supervise near…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/preventing-injuries-by-age-and-safe-sleep-for-infants/) - [**The adolescent patient: confidentiality, the HEADSSS interview from the nursing side, screening and referral** A structured, confidential conversation about home, school, eating, activities, drugs, sex…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/the-adolescent-patient-confidentiality-the-headsss-interview-from-the-nursing-si/) - [**The child who swallowed something harmful: first steps, the toxicology line and prevention** Find out what, how much and when; do not make the child vomit; call the national toxicology…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/the-child-who-swallowed-something-harmful-first-steps-the-toxicology-line-and-pr/) - [**The child with asthma: monitoring an attack and the written action plan** During an attack the nurse watches breathing before and after each dose; at home a written…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/the-child-with-asthma-monitoring-an-attack-and-the-written-action-plan/) - [**The child with burns: extent by age, fluids and output, dressings and pain** Burns in children need age-adjusted size estimates, carefully guided fluids, warmth, good pain…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/the-child-with-burns-extent-by-age-fluids-and-output-dressings-and-pain/) - [**The child with cancer: neutropenic precautions, mucositis, nausea, the central line and the family** During chemotherapy a fever can be an emergency; the nurse prevents infection, cares for the…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/the-child-with-cancer-neutropenic-precautions-mucositis-nausea-the-central-line/) - [**The child with cough or difficult breathing: fast breathing, chest indrawing, home care and when to return** Count breaths for a full minute, look for chest indrawing, then teach the family home care and…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/the-child-with-cough-or-difficult-breathing-fast-breathing-chest-indrawing-home/) - [**The child with fever: measuring, comfort, family teaching and red flags** Fever is a sign, not the enemy: find the child at risk by age and signs, keep the child…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/the-child-with-fever-measuring-comfort-family-teaching-and-red-flags/) - [**The child with seizures: febrile seizures, epilepsy and family teaching** During a seizure keep the child safe on one side, time it and never put anything in the mouth…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/the-child-with-seizures-febrile-seizures-epilepsy-and-family-teaching/) - [**The child with type 1 diabetes: glucose checks, insulin teaching, hypoglycaemia, sick days and school** The nurse teaches the family to check glucose and ketones, give insulin safely, treat lows…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/the-child-with-type-1-diabetes-glucose-checks-insulin-teaching-hypoglycaemia-sic/) ## Law - [**Ley 1098 de 2006 (Código de la Infancia y la Adolescencia) from the nursing side** Colombia's children's code: every person under 18 is a rights holder whose interests prevail…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/ley-1098-de-2006-from-the-nursing-side/) - [**Ley 1388 de 2010: the right to life of children with cancer, early warning signs and the care route** Colombia's law for children with cancer: immediate, integral care without authorisations, from…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/ley-1388-de-2010-the-right-to-life-of-children-with-cancer-early-warning-signs-a/) - [**Res. 2465 de 2016: anthropometric indicators and growth classification in Colombia, 0 to 17 years** The Colombian rule that says which growth indicators, WHO reference charts and cut-offs are used…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/res-2465-de-2016-anthropometric-indicators-and-growth-classification-in-colombia/) ## Calculation - [**Maintenance fluid volume in children (Holliday–Segar), worked examples** The Holliday–Segar rule estimates a child's daily or hourly maintenance fluid from body weight…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/maintenance-fluid-volume-in-children-worked-examples/) - [**Rehydration plans by weight (AIEPI/WHO Plan B and Plan C): worked examples** AIEPI sets the rehydration volume from the child's weight: oral solution in plan B, intravenous…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/rehydration-plans-by-weight-worked-examples/) ## A to Z - [A](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/a/) - [B](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/b/) - [C](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/c/) - [D](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/d/) - [E](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/e/) - [F](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/f/) - [G](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/g/) - [H](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/h/) - [I](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/i/) - [J](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/j/) - [K](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/k/) - [L](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/l/) - [M](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/m/) - [N](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/n/) - [O](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/o/) - [P](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/p/) - [Q](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/q/) - [R](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/r/) - [S](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/s/) - [T](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/t/) - [U](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/u/) - [V](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/v/) - [W](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/w/) - [Y](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/y/) [← Nursing: fundamentals and procedures](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/) Educational content for students; it does not replace your institution's protocols, supervised clinical training or a prescriber's order. Dose-calculation examples use made-up numbers: they are educational, not a clinical order. Representative model, for educational purposes only. --- Source: https://durgical.com/en/nursing/areas/pediatric/ License: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Cite as: DurgiPedia (durgical.com), https://durgical.com/en/nursing/areas/pediatric/