[Durgical](https://durgical.com/en/) › [DurgiPedia](https://durgical.com/en/durgipedia/) › [Nursing](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/) › Nursing theories and models

# Nursing theories and models

The metaparadigm, Nightingale, Henderson, Orem, Peplau, Roy, Watson, Leininger and how a model guides care.

10 pages

- [**Callista Roy's adaptation model** Roy sees the person as an adaptive system; the nurse assesses how the person responds to stimuli…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/callista-roy-s-adaptation-model/)
- [**Dorothea Orem's self-care deficit theory and the nursing systems** Orem says nursing is needed when a person cannot meet their own self-care demands, and the nurse…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/dorothea-orem-s-self-care-deficit-theory-and-the-nursing-systems/)
- [**Florence Nightingale's environmental theory** Nightingale taught that the nurse helps the body heal itself by keeping the patient's…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/florence-nightingale-s-environmental-theory/)
- [**Hildegard Peplau's interpersonal relations theory** Peplau saw nursing as a therapeutic relationship between nurse and patient that moves through…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/hildegard-peplau-s-interpersonal-relations-theory/)
- [**Jean Watson's theory of human caring** Watson sees caring as the heart of nursing: a real, healing connection between nurse and person…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/jean-watson-s-theory-of-human-caring/)
- [**Madeleine Leininger's transcultural nursing and culturally congruent care** Leininger taught that care must fit the person's culture: the nurse learns their values and…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/madeleine-leininger-s-transcultural-nursing-and-culturally-congruent-care/)
- [**Nursing theories and models: grand theories, middle-range theories and why they guide care** A nursing theory is an organised way of looking at people, health and care that tells the nurse…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/nursing-theories-and-models-grand-theories-middle-range-theories-and-why-they-gu/)
- [**Standardised nursing languages and the nursing process, in general terms** Standardised nursing languages are shared sets of terms for naming nursing problems…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/standardised-nursing-languages-and-the-nursing-process-in-general-terms/)
- [**The nursing metaparadigm: person, environment, health and nursing** The metaparadigm is the set of four broad ideas every nursing theory must define: the person…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/the-nursing-metaparadigm-person-environment-health-and-nursing/)
- [**Virginia Henderson's fourteen basic needs** Henderson saw the nurse's unique role as helping each person meet 14 basic needs until they can…](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/virginia-henderson-s-fourteen-basic-needs/)

## A to Z

- [A](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/a/)
- [B](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/b/)
- [C](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/c/)
- [D](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/d/)
- [E](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/e/)
- [F](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/f/)
- [G](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/g/)
- [H](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/h/)
- [I](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/i/)
- [J](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/j/)
- [K](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/k/)
- [L](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/l/)
- [M](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/m/)
- [N](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/n/)
- [O](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/o/)
- [P](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/p/)
- [Q](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/q/)
- [R](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/r/)
- [S](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/s/)
- [T](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/t/)
- [U](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/u/)
- [V](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/v/)
- [W](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/w/)
- [Y](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/a-z/y/)

[← Nursing: fundamentals and procedures](https://durgical.com/en/nursing/)

Educational content for students; it does not replace your institution's protocols, supervised clinical training or a prescriber's order. Dose-calculation examples use made-up numbers: they are educational, not a clinical order.

Representative model, for educational purposes only.

---
Source: https://durgical.com/en/nursing/areas/theory/
License: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Cite as: DurgiPedia (durgical.com), https://durgical.com/en/nursing/areas/theory/