[Durgical](https://durgical.com/en/) › [DurgiPedia](https://durgical.com/en/durgipedia/) › [Ophthalmology](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/) › The eye exam # The eye exam Visual acuity, visual fields, slit lamp, tonometry, fluorescein, motility, red reflex, fundus exam and imaging. 16 pages - [**Colour vision testing** Colour plates screen for inherited red-green deficiency](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/colour-vision-testing/) - [**Contrast sensitivity and glare testing** Some people read the chart well but see poorly in fog, at dusk or into headlights](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/contrast-sensitivity-and-glare-testing/) - [**Corneal topography, tomography and specular microscopy** Topography maps the shape of the cornea; specular microscopy counts its inner cells](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/corneal-topography-tomography-and-specular-microscopy/) - [**Dilated fundus examination: when and how** Through an undilated pupil the ophthalmoscope shows little more than the disc](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/dilated-fundus-examination-when-and-how/) - [**Everting the eyelid** Turning the upper lid inside out takes seconds and finds hidden foreign bodies, lime particles…](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/everting-the-eyelid/) - [**Eye movements and the cover test** The corneal light reflex, the cover tests and the nine positions of gaze show whether the eyes…](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/eye-movements-and-the-cover-test/) - [**Fluorescein staining and the Seidel test** Fluorescein glows green under blue light where the corneal surface is broken](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/fluorescein-staining-and-the-seidel-test/) - [**Gonioscopy: looking into the drainage angle** A mirrored contact lens shows the drainage angle, which cannot be seen directly](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/gonioscopy-looking-into-the-drainage-angle/) - [**OCT, fundus photography and angiography** OCT gives a cross-section of the retina, photographs screen and document it, and angiography…](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/oct-fundus-photography-and-angiography/) - [**Ocular ultrasound and point-of-care scanning** When blood or cataract hides the retina, ultrasound through the closed lid shows detachment…](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/ocular-ultrasound-and-point-of-care-scanning/) - [**The red reflex test** Shining an ophthalmoscope into both pupils from arm's length shows two matching red glows](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/the-red-reflex-test/) - [**The slit lamp: what each light shows** The slit lamp is a microscope with an adjustable slit of light](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/the-slit-lamp-what-each-light-shows/) - [**Tonometry: measuring intraocular pressure** Tonometry measures the pressure inside the eye](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/tonometry-measuring-intraocular-pressure/) - [**Visual acuity: Snellen, logMAR and pinhole** Visual acuity is the vital sign of the eye: each eye is measured separately, with glasses, and…](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/visual-acuity-snellen-logmar-and-pinhole/) - [**Visual electrophysiology: ERG, EOG and VEP** These tests record the electrical signals of the retina and visual pathway](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/visual-electrophysiology-erg-eog-and-vep/) - [**Visual fields: confrontation, Amsler grid and perimetry** Confrontation finds large field defects at the bedside, the Amsler grid finds central…](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/visual-fields-confrontation-amsler-grid-and-perimetry/) ## A to Z - [A](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/a-z/a/) - [B](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/a-z/b/) - [C](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/a-z/c/) - [D](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/a-z/d/) - [E](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/a-z/e/) - [F](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/a-z/f/) - [G](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/a-z/g/) - [H](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/a-z/h/) - [I](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/a-z/i/) - [L](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/a-z/l/) - [M](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/a-z/m/) - [N](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/a-z/n/) - [O](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/a-z/o/) - [P](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/a-z/p/) - [R](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/a-z/r/) - [S](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/a-z/s/) - [T](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/a-z/t/) - [V](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/a-z/v/) - [W](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/a-z/w/) [← Ophthalmology for the general doctor](https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/) Educational content; not a clinical guideline and no substitute for assessment by a health professional. For sudden visual loss, severe eye pain, a chemical burn or an eye injury, go to an emergency department at once. Representative model, for educational purposes only. --- Source: https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/areas/exam/ License: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Cite as: DurgiPedia (durgical.com), https://durgical.com/en/ophthalmology/areas/exam/