[Durgical](https://durgical.com/en/) › [DurgiPedia](https://durgical.com/en/durgipedia/) › [Pharmacology](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/) › Immunology and rheumatology

# Immunology and rheumatology

56 drugs

## Antiproliferative immunosuppressants

- [**About this section** Drugs that stop immune cells from multiplying by starving them of the building blocks of DNA. Used in…](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/antiproliferative-immunosuppressants/)
- [**Azathioprine** Purine synthesis, through thioguanine nucleotides](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/azathioprine/)
- [**Mycophenolate mofetil** Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/mycophenolate-mofetil/)

## Calcineurin inhibitors

- [**About this section** Transplant medicines that stop T cells from switching on by blocking calcineurin. Their blood levels are…](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/calcineurin-inhibitors/)
- [**Ciclosporin** Calcineurin, through cyclophilin A](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/ciclosporin/)
- [**Tacrolimus** Calcineurin, through FKBP12](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/tacrolimus/)

## Complement inhibitors

- [**About this section** Antibodies and peptides that block a step of the complement cascade, used in PNH, atypical HUS and some…](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/complement-inhibitors/)
- [**Eculizumab** Complement component C5 (plasma protein)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/eculizumab/)
- [**Pegcetacoplan** Complement component C3 (plasma protein)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/pegcetacoplan/)
- [**Ravulizumab** Complement component C5 (plasma protein)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/ravulizumab/)

## Conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)

- [**About this section** Slow-acting medicines that calm the immune attack in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus and protect the joints…](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/conventional-disease-modifying-antirheumatic-drugs/)
- [**Hydroxychloroquine** Acidic intracellular vesicles (lysosomes; the malaria parasite's food vacuole)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/hydroxychloroquine/)
- [**Leflunomide** Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/leflunomide/)

## Hereditary angioedema agents

- [**About this section** Drugs that stop or prevent bradykinin swelling in hereditary angioedema: C1 inhibitor, a bradykinin receptor…](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/hereditary-angioedema-agents/)
- [**Berotralstat** Plasma kallikrein (serine protease)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/berotralstat/)
- [**C1 esterase inhibitor** Proteases it inhibits: plasma kallikrein, activated factor XII and complement C1r/C1s](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/c1-esterase-inhibitor/)
- [**Icatibant** Bradykinin B2 receptor (G-protein–coupled)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/icatibant/)
- [**Lanadelumab** Plasma kallikrein](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/lanadelumab/)

## Immunoglobulins and antitoxins

- [**About this section** Ready-made antibodies, human or equine, that give immediate but temporary protection against a toxin, a…](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/immunoglobulins-and-antitoxins/)
- [**Anti-D immunoglobulin (Rho(D))** RhD antigen on fetal red cells](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/anti-d-immunoglobulin/)
- [**Diphtheria antitoxin (equine)** Circulating diphtheria toxin](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/diphtheria-antitoxin/)
- [**Human tetanus immunoglobulin** Free tetanospasmin (tetanus toxin)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/human-tetanus-immunoglobulin/)
- [**Nirsevimab** Fusion (F) protein of respiratory syncytial virus](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/nirsevimab/)
- [**Normal human immunoglobulin (IVIG)** Broad repertoire of antigens and Fc receptors](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/normal-human-immunoglobulin/)
- [**Rabies immunoglobulin** Rabies virus glycoprotein G](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/rabies-immunoglobulin/)

## Interferons

- [**About this section** Protein medicines copied from the body's antiviral signals. Once central for hepatitis, they are now used…](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/interferons/)
- [**Interferon alfa** Type I interferon receptor (IFNAR1/IFNAR2)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/interferon-alfa/)
- [**Interferon beta** Type I interferon receptor (IFNAR1/IFNAR2)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/interferon-beta/)
- [**Interferon gamma** Interferon gamma receptor (IFNGR1/IFNGR2)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/interferon-gamma/)

## Interleukin inhibitors

- [**About this section** Biologics that block one interleukin (IL-1, IL-6, IL-12/23 or IL-17) or its receptor, chosen according to…](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/interleukin-inhibitors/)
- [**Anakinra** Interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/anakinra/)
- [**Canakinumab** Interleukin-1β (IL-1β)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/canakinumab/)
- [**Guselkumab** Interleukin-23, p19 subunit (IL-23p19)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/guselkumab/)
- [**Ixekizumab** Interleukin-17A (IL-17A)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/ixekizumab/)
- [**Risankizumab** Interleukin-23, p19 subunit (IL-23p19)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/risankizumab/)
- [**Sarilumab** Interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/sarilumab/)
- [**Secukinumab** Interleukin-17A (IL-17A)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/secukinumab/)
- [**Tocilizumab** Interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R), soluble and membrane-bound](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/tocilizumab/)
- [**Ustekinumab** p40 subunit shared by interleukin-12 and interleukin-23](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/ustekinumab/)

## JAK inhibitors

- [**About this section** Small oral molecules that block Janus kinases inside cells, cutting the signal of many cytokines at once…](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/jak-inhibitors/)
- [**Abrocitinib** Janus kinase 1 (JAK1)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/abrocitinib/)
- [**Baricitinib** Janus kinases JAK1 and JAK2](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/baricitinib/)
- [**Deucravacitinib** Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), regulatory pseudokinase (JH2) domain](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/deucravacitinib/)
- [**Ruxolitinib** Janus kinases JAK1 and JAK2](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/ruxolitinib/)
- [**Tofacitinib** Janus kinases, mainly JAK1 and JAK3](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/tofacitinib/)
- [**Upadacitinib** Janus kinase 1 (JAK1)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/upadacitinib/)

## mTOR inhibitors

- [**About this section** Drugs that block mTOR, a master switch of cell growth: used to prevent transplant rejection and to treat…](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/mtor-inhibitors/)
- [**Everolimus** mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin), through FKBP12](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/everolimus/)
- [**Sirolimus** mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin), through FKBP12](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/sirolimus/)

## Other antigout agents

- [**About this section** Medicines for gout that do not block xanthine oxidase: colchicine for flares, probenecid to pass more urate…](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/other-antigout-agents/)
- [**Colchicine** β-tubulin (microtubules)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/colchicine/)
- [**Pegloticase** Uric acid (the drug is the enzyme uricase)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/pegloticase/)
- [**Probenecid** Urate transporter URAT1 (and organic anion transporters OAT1 and OAT3)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/probenecid/)

## Other immunomodulating biologics

- [**About this section** Biologics that act on lymphocytes rather than on a cytokine: they block T-cell co-stimulation, the IL-2…](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/other-immunomodulating-biologics/)
- [**Abatacept** CD80 and CD86 (B7-1 and B7-2) on antigen-presenting cells](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/abatacept/)
- [**Anifrolumab** Type I interferon receptor subunit 1 (IFNAR1)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/anifrolumab/)
- [**Anti-thymocyte globulin** Many T-lymphocyte surface proteins (CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, HLA molecules and others)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/anti-thymocyte-globulin/)
- [**Basiliximab** IL-2 receptor alpha chain (CD25)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/basiliximab/)
- [**Belatacept** CD80 and CD86 (B7-1 and B7-2) on antigen-presenting cells](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/belatacept/)
- [**Belimumab** B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS, also called BAFF)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/belimumab/)
- [**Vedolizumab** α4β7 integrin on gut-homing lymphocytes](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/vedolizumab/)

## TNF inhibitors

- [**About this section** Biologic medicines that block TNF-α, a key cytokine of inflammation. Used in rheumatoid arthritis…](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/tnf-inhibitors/)
- [**Adalimumab** Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), soluble and membrane-bound](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/adalimumab/)
- [**Certolizumab pegol** Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/certolizumab-pegol/)
- [**Etanercept** Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/etanercept/)
- [**Golimumab** Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/golimumab/)
- [**Infliximab** Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/infliximab/)

## Xanthine oxidase inhibitors

- [**About this section** Drugs that cut uric acid production by blocking the last enzyme of purine breakdown. The long-term treatment…](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/xanthine-oxidase-inhibitors/)
- [**Allopurinol** Xanthine oxidase](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/allopurinol/)
- [**Febuxostat** Xanthine oxidase](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/febuxostat/)

## A to Z

- [A](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/a/)
- [B](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/b/)
- [C](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/c/)
- [D](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/d/)
- [E](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/e/)
- [F](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/f/)
- [G](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/g/)
- [H](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/h/)
- [I](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/i/)
- [K](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/k/)
- [L](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/l/)
- [M](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/m/)
- [N](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/n/)
- [O](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/o/)
- [P](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/p/)
- [Q](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/q/)
- [R](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/r/)
- [S](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/s/)
- [T](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/t/)
- [U](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/u/)
- [V](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/v/)
- [W](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/w/)
- [X](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/x/)
- [Y](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/y/)
- [Z](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/z/)

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Educational content on how drugs work; not a prescribing guide and no substitute for a health professional's advice. No doses are given.

Representative model, for educational purposes only.

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Source: https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/areas/immunology/
License: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Cite as: DurgiPedia (durgical.com), https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/areas/immunology/