[Durgical](https://durgical.com/en/) › [DurgiPedia](https://durgical.com/en/durgipedia/) › [Pharmacology](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/) › Renal, diuretics and electrolytes

# Renal, diuretics and electrolytes

33 drugs

## Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

- [**About this section** Weak diuretics that block carbonic anhydrase: they make the urine alkaline and lower eye pressure. Used in…](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/carbonic-anhydrase-inhibitors/)
- [**Acetazolamide** Carbonic anhydrase II](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/acetazolamide/)

## Electrolytes and rehydration solutions

- [**About this section** Salts of potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium and bicarbonate, and oral rehydration salts. Simple…](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/electrolytes-and-rehydration-solutions/)
- [**Calcium chloride** Calcium ions: membranes of heart, nerve and muscle (no single receptor)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/calcium-chloride/)
- [**Calcium gluconate** Calcium ions: membranes of heart, nerve and muscle (no single receptor)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/calcium-gluconate/)
- [**Magnesium sulfate** Calcium entry at the nerve terminal and NMDA-type channels (no single receptor)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/magnesium-sulfate/)
- [**Oral rehydration salts** Sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) of the small intestine](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/oral-rehydration-salts/)
- [**Potassium chloride** Potassium ions: resting membrane potential of heart, nerve and muscle (no single receptor)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/potassium-chloride/)
- [**Sodium hydrogen carbonate** Hydrogen ions: bicarbonate buffer of blood and urine (no receptor)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/sodium-hydrogen-carbonate/)

## Loop diuretics

- [**About this section** The strongest diuretics: they block salt reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle and…](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/loop-diuretics/)
- [**Bumetanide** Na⁺-K⁺-2Cl⁻ cotransporter (NKCC2) of the loop of Henle](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/bumetanide/)
- [**Etacrynic acid** Na⁺-K⁺-2Cl⁻ cotransporter (NKCC2) of the loop of Henle](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/etacrynic-acid/)
- [**Furosemide** Na⁺-K⁺-2Cl⁻ cotransporter (NKCC2) of the loop of Henle](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/furosemide/)
- [**Torasemide** Na⁺-K⁺-2Cl⁻ cotransporter (NKCC2) of the loop of Henle](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/torasemide/)

## Osmotic diuretics

- [**About this section** Sugars given into a vein that are filtered but not reabsorbed: they hold water in the tubule and draw water…](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/osmotic-diuretics/)
- [**Mannitol** No protein target: osmotic effect in plasma and tubular fluid](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/mannitol/)

## Overactive bladder agents

- [**About this section** Medicines that calm an overactive bladder: antimuscarinics block detrusor contraction and beta-3 agonists…](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/overactive-bladder-agents/)
- [**Mirabegron** Beta-3 adrenergic receptor](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/mirabegron/)
- [**Oxybutynin** Muscarinic M3 receptor of the bladder detrusor](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/oxybutynin/)
- [**Solifenacin** Muscarinic M3 receptor of the bladder detrusor](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/solifenacin/)
- [**Tolterodine** Muscarinic receptors of the bladder (M3)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/tolterodine/)
- [**Trospium** Muscarinic M3 (and M2) receptors of the bladder (antagonist)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/trospium/)

## Phosphate binders

- [**About this section** Drugs taken with meals that trap phosphate from food in the gut, to control high phosphate in kidney failure.](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/phosphate-binders/)
- [**Lanthanum carbonate** Dietary phosphate in the gut lumen (the drug acts locally and has no human receptor)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/lanthanum-carbonate/)
- [**Sevelamer** Dietary phosphate in the gut lumen (the drug is not absorbed and has no human receptor)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/sevelamer/)

## Potassium binders

- [**About this section** Resins and polymers taken by mouth or enema that trap potassium in the gut so it leaves in the stool. They…](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/potassium-binders/)
- [**Sodium polystyrene sulfonate** Potassium ions in the colon lumen (no receptor)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/sodium-polystyrene-sulfonate/)

## Potassium-sparing diuretics

- [**About this section** Weak diuretics that act on the collecting duct and keep potassium in the body. Some block aldosterone…](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/potassium-sparing-diuretics/)
- [**Amiloride** Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) of the collecting duct](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/amiloride/)
- [**Eplerenone** Mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) receptor](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/eplerenone/)
- [**Finerenone** Mineralocorticoid receptor (NR3C2)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/finerenone/)
- [**Spironolactone** Mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) receptor](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/spironolactone/)
- [**Triamterene** Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) of the collecting duct](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/triamterene/)

## Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics

- [**About this section** Moderate diuretics that block salt reabsorption in the distal tubule. First-line medicines for high blood…](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/thiazide-and-thiazide-like-diuretics/)
- [**Bendroflumethiazide** Sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC) of the distal convoluted tubule](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/bendroflumethiazide/)
- [**Chlorothiazide** Na⁺-Cl⁻ cotransporter (NCC) of the distal convoluted tubule](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/chlorothiazide/)
- [**Chlortalidone** Na⁺-Cl⁻ cotransporter (NCC) of the distal convoluted tubule](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/chlortalidone/)
- [**Hydrochlorothiazide** Na⁺-Cl⁻ cotransporter (NCC) of the distal convoluted tubule](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/hydrochlorothiazide/)
- [**Indapamide** Na⁺-Cl⁻ cotransporter (NCC) of the distal convoluted tubule](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/indapamide/)
- [**Metolazone** Na⁺-Cl⁻ cotransporter (NCC) of the distal convoluted tubule](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/metolazone/)

## Vasopressin receptor antagonists (vaptans)

- [**About this section** Medicines that block the antidiuretic hormone receptor in the kidney: they remove free water and raise low…](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/classes/vasopressin-receptor-antagonists/)
- [**Conivaptan** Vasopressin V2 receptor (and V1a)](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/conivaptan/)
- [**Tolvaptan** Vasopressin V2 receptor](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/tolvaptan/)

## A to Z

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- [C](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/c/)
- [D](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/d/)
- [E](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/e/)
- [F](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/f/)
- [G](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/g/)
- [H](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/h/)
- [I](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/i/)
- [K](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/k/)
- [L](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/l/)
- [M](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/m/)
- [N](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/n/)
- [O](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/o/)
- [P](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/p/)
- [Q](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/q/)
- [R](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/r/)
- [S](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/s/)
- [T](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/t/)
- [U](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/u/)
- [V](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/v/)
- [W](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/w/)
- [X](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/x/)
- [Y](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/y/)
- [Z](https://durgical.com/en/pharmacology/a-z/z/)

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Educational content on how drugs work; not a prescribing guide and no substitute for a health professional's advice. No doses are given.

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