[Durgical](https://durgical.com/en/) › [DurgiPedia](https://durgical.com/en/durgipedia/) › [Physiology](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/) › Temperature, exercise and metabolism # Temperature, exercise and metabolism Temperature and fever, energy metabolism, fasting, exercise, altitude and diving. 28 pages ## Exam priority: high - [**Body temperature regulation** Regulation · The brain keeps the body core near 37 °C: it sweats and opens skin vessels when hot, shivers and…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/body-temperature-regulation/) - [**Exercise and training physiology** Regulation · During exercise the heart pumps more, the lungs move more air and muscle pulls more oxygen…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/exercise-and-training-physiology/) - [**Fed and fasting states: the hormonal switch** Regulation · After a meal insulin stores energy; when fasting, glucagon pulls it from stores so the brain…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/fed-and-fasting-states-the-hormonal-switch/) - [**Fever** Mechanism · In fever the brain turns its thermostat up: the body feels cold and makes heat until it reaches…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/fever/) - [**High altitude and acclimatization** Regulation · At altitude air has the same share of oxygen but less pressure; the body breathes harder and…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/high-altitude-and-acclimatization/) - [**Physiology of the vital signs (including blood pressure measurement)** Measurement · Temperature, pulse, breathing, blood pressure and oxygen saturation: five numbers that sum up…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/physiology-of-the-vital-signs/) ## Exam priority: medium - [**Athletic capacity: strength, power, endurance and sex differences** Concept · Sprints run on stored phosphocreatine, middle distances on fast glycolysis, and long events on…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/athletic-capacity-strength-power-endurance-and-sex-differences/) - [**Cachexia, anorexia and wasting in disease** Mechanism · In starvation the body saves muscle and slows down; in cachexia inflammation keeps burning…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/cachexia-anorexia-and-wasting-in-disease/) - [**Energy balance, food intake and obesity** Regulation · Weight changes when what we eat differs from what we burn; the hypothalamus tries to keep that…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/energy-balance-food-intake-and-obesity/) - [**Energy metabolism and basal metabolic rate** Measurement · The basal metabolic rate is the energy the body burns at complete rest just to stay alive: most…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/energy-metabolism-and-basal-metabolic-rate/) - [**Gases under pressure: nitrogen narcosis, oxygen toxicity and CO₂ retention** Mechanism · At depth, normal air becomes harmful: nitrogen acts like an anesthetic, oxygen turns toxic and…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/gases-under-pressure-nitrogen-narcosis-oxygen-toxicity-and-co-retention/) - [**Heat exhaustion and heat stroke** Mechanism · In great heat and effort the body loses water and salt; if it can no longer cool down…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/heat-exhaustion-and-heat-stroke/) - [**How organ systems keep the internal environment** Concept · Cells live in a shared fluid](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/how-organ-systems-keep-the-internal-environment/) - [**Hypothermia and cold injury** Mechanism · If the body loses heat faster than it makes it, core temperature falls below 35 °C and…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/hypothermia-and-cold-injury/) - [**Living high: tissue acclimatization, highland natives and chronic mountain sickness** Regulation · Weeks to years at altitude change lungs, blood and muscle; people born high adapt further, and a…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/living-high-tissue-acclimatization-highland-natives-and-chronic-mountain-sicknes/) - [**Prolonged fasting and starvation** Regulation · Without food the body spends glycogen, then fat, and spares muscle by switching the brain to…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/prolonged-fasting-and-starvation/) - [**Recovery after exercise: oxygen debt, glycogen refill, fluids and salt** Regulation · After exercise the body keeps breathing hard to repay an oxygen debt, then refills glycogen over…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/recovery-after-exercise-oxygen-debt-glycogen-refill-fluids-and-salt/) - [**Sweat glands: secretion, salt reabsorption and acclimatization** Mechanism · Sweat glands make a plasma-like fluid, then the duct pulls salt back out; heat training makes…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/sweat-glands-secretion-salt-reabsorption-and-acclimatization/) - [**Vitamins and minerals: a physiological overview** Table to know · Vitamins and minerals are needed in small amounts, but without them blood, bones, nerves and the…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/vitamins-and-minerals-a-physiological-overview/) ## For completeness - [**Acceleration forces: positive, negative and linear G** Mechanism · Acceleration acts like extra gravity: it pushes blood toward the feet (positive G) or the head…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/acceleration-forces-positive-negative-and-linear-g/) - [**Aviation and space physiology** Concept · In flight the air has less pressure, accelerations move blood around, and in space the lack of…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/aviation-and-space-physiology/) - [**Body protein pools, turnover and their hormonal control** Regulation · Body protein is built and broken down all day; insulin, GH and testosterone tip the balance to…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/body-protein-pools-turnover-and-their-hormonal-control/) - [**Diving, decompression and hyperbaric oxygen** Mechanism · Underwater, pressure rises fast; gases are squeezed and dissolve more in blood, and on the way…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/diving-decompression-and-hyperbaric-oxygen/) - [**Hyperbaric oxygen therapy: how it works and when it helps** Mechanism · Breathing pure oxygen in a pressurized chamber dissolves enough O₂ in plasma to feed tissues…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy-how-it-works-and-when-it-helps/) - [**Nitrogen balance and body protein** Measurement · Comparing the nitrogen that comes in with food with the nitrogen lost in urine shows whether the…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/nitrogen-balance-and-body-protein/) - [**Performance-enhancing drugs: what they do to the body** Table to know · Doping drugs push one part of physiology (muscle, red cells, alertness) beyond normal, and the…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/performance-enhancing-drugs-what-they-do-to-the-body/) - [**Safe ascent: decompression schedules, SCUBA and submarine escape** Concept · Divers rise slowly and pause on the way up so dissolved nitrogen leaves the body through the…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/safe-ascent-decompression-schedules-scuba-and-submarine-escape/) - [**What limits exercise: lungs, heart, smoking and age** Concept · In healthy people the heart, not the lungs, sets the limit of maximal exercise; lung disease…](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/what-limits-exercise-lungs-heart-smoking-and-age/) ## A to Z - [A](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/a-z/a/) - [B](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/a-z/b/) - [C](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/a-z/c/) - [D](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/a-z/d/) - [E](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/a-z/e/) - [F](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/a-z/f/) - [G](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/a-z/g/) - [H](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/a-z/h/) - [I](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/a-z/i/) - [L](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/a-z/l/) - [M](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/a-z/m/) - [N](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/a-z/n/) - [O](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/a-z/o/) - [P](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/a-z/p/) - [R](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/a-z/r/) - [S](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/a-z/s/) - [T](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/a-z/t/) - [U](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/a-z/u/) - [V](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/a-z/v/) - [W](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/a-z/w/) [← Physiology](https://durgical.com/en/physiology/) Educational physiology content; not a diagnostic or treatment guide and no substitute for a health professional's advice. Values are approximate references. No doses are given. Representative model, for educational purposes only. --- Source: https://durgical.com/en/physiology/areas/integrative/ License: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Cite as: DurgiPedia (durgical.com), https://durgical.com/en/physiology/areas/integrative/