Systemic syndromes
Anemia, bleeding, sepsis, thyroid, adrenal and fluid status, seen at the bedside.
11 pages
Topic
- Amenorrhea and galactorrhea: primary, secondary and four compartmentsHow to think about absent periods and milky nipple discharge: first rule out pregnancy, then…
- Enlarged lymph nodes: localized or generalized, and when to biopsySwollen glands are usually from an infection nearby, but some signs point to tuberculosis, HIV…
- Reading a complete blood count: red cells, white cells and plateletsThe most ordered blood test: how to read the red cell, white cell and platelet lines in order…
Syndrome
- Anemia syndromeToo few red cells or too little hemoglobin: tiredness, pallor, breathlessness on effort and…
- Bleeding syndromes: platelet vs coagulation patternAbnormal bleeding: the kind of skin lesion and the site of bleeding show whether platelets or…
- Cushing syndrome and adrenal insufficiency: the signsToo much cortisol (Cushing) or too little adrenal hormone (Addison): two opposite pictures you…
- Dehydration and fluid overloadToo little fluid (thirst, dry mouth, little urine) or too much (swelling, breathlessness): the…
- Fever, infection and sepsis: the bedside signsSepsis is an infection that harms the organs; warning signs are fast breathing, confusion and…
- Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism: the signsThe thyroid sets the body's speed: with too much hormone everything speeds up, with too little…
Sign
- Hirsutism and virilization: the Ferriman-Gallwey score and the causesExtra coarse hair in a male pattern in a woman, how it is scored, and the signs that point to a…
- Muscle cramps and tetany: Chvostek and Trousseau signsPainful muscle spasms, and two bedside signs that reveal over-excitable nerves when blood…
A to Z
Educational content on the clinical exam; it is learned and practised under supervision. It does not replace assessment by a health professional and is not for self-diagnosis.
Representative model, for educational purposes only.