Gums and periodontium

Gingivitis, periodontitis by stage and grade, necrotising periodontal disease, periodontal abscess, drug-induced gingival overgrowth and bad breath.

6 pages

Approach to a complaint

• Bad breath (halitosis): approachNine times out of ten bad breath starts in the mouth: the coated back of the tongue, gum disease…

Oral pathology

• Gingival overgrowth: drugs, leukaemia and other causesGums that grow over the teeth are often caused by medicines such as phenytoin, ciclosporin or…
• Gingivitis: bleeding gumsGingivitis is inflammation of the gums caused by plaque
• Necrotising gingivitis and periodontitisA painful gum infection with punched-out, grey-covered papillae, bleeding and foul breath
• Periodontal abscess versus periapical abscessNot every gum swelling is the same abscess
• Periodontitis: stages, grades and links with general healthPeriodontitis destroys the gum attachment and bone around teeth

A to Z

• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• J
• K
• L
• M
• N
• O
• P
• R
• S
• T
• V
• W

← Dentistry

Educational content; it does not replace assessment by a dentist or doctor and is not a clinical instruction. For facial or neck swelling with difficulty swallowing or breathing, a knocked-out tooth or bleeding that will not stop, go to an emergency department at once.

Representative model, for educational purposes only.