Lung
Edema and ARDS, COPD and asthma, interstitial disease, pulmonary vessels, infections, tumours and pleura.
34 pages
Lesion
- Asbestos-related diseaseAsbestos fibres scar the lower lungs, make pleural plaques, and cause lung carcinoma and…
- Asthma: pathologyAsthma is chronic airway inflammation that makes bronchi narrow in episodes
- Atelectasis: resorption, compression and contractionAtelectasis is collapsed or never-expanded lung
- Bacterial pneumonia: lobar vs bronchopneumoniaBacteria fill the alveoli with neutrophils
- BronchiectasisBronchiectasis is permanent widening of bronchi after their muscle and elastic tissue are…
- Chronic bronchitisChronic bronchitis is a productive cough on most days for months each year, caused mostly by…
- Coal workers' pneumoconiosis and silicosisInhaled coal or silica dust is eaten by macrophages
- Congenital lung anomaliesRare birth defects of the lung: too little lung, cysts left over from the foregut, or a piece of…
- Diffuse alveolar damage (ARDS)In ARDS the alveolar lining and capillaries are injured
- Diffuse alveolar hemorrhageBleeding into many alveoli at once, from autoimmune attack on the basement membrane or from…
- Drug- and radiation-induced lung injurySome drugs and thoracic radiation injure the lung, causing acute damage that may heal or scar
- EmphysemaEmphysema is permanent enlargement of the airspaces beyond the terminal bronchiole, with…
- Granulomatous pneumonia: tuberculosis and endemic fungiTuberculosis and fungi such as Histoplasma and Paracoccidioides cause slow pneumonias made of…
- Hospital-acquired and aspiration pneumonia, and lung abscessPneumonia in hospital is caused by tougher bacteria
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitisRepeated breathing of organic dust (mouldy hay, bird proteins) causes immune inflammation around…
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (UIP pattern)IPF is progressive scarring of the lung in older adults
- Lung carcinoma: histologic typesFour main types: adenocarcinoma is peripheral and glandular, squamous is central and…
- Nonspecific interstitial and cryptogenic organizing pneumoniaTwo interstitial patterns with a better outlook than IPF: NSIP is even inflammation or fibrosis…
- Other lung tumours and lung metastasesNot every lung nodule is carcinoma: hamartomas are benign coin lesions, and the lung is the most…
- Pleural effusion and pneumothoraxFluid, pus, blood, chyle or air can collect between the pleural layers
- Pleural tumours: mesothelioma and solitary fibrous tumourMesothelioma is an aggressive cancer of the pleural lining caused mostly by asbestos
- Pulmonary edema: hemodynamic vs alveolar-capillary injuryFluid fills the lung either because pressure in the pulmonary veins is high (heart failure) or…
- Pulmonary eosinophiliaA group of lung diseases where eosinophils fill the alveoli and septa, caused by parasites…
- Pulmonary hypertensionPulmonary hypertension is high pressure in the lung arteries
- Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumoursLung neuroendocrine tumours range from harmless tumorlets to low-grade carcinoids to highly…
- Sarcoidosis: the lungSarcoidosis is a disease of tight, non-caseating granulomas of unknown cause, mostly in hilar…
- Smoking-related and rare diffuse lung diseasesRarer diffuse lung diseases: smokers' pigmented macrophages (DIP, RB-ILD), Langerhans cell…
- Viral pneumoniaViruses inflame the alveolar walls rather than filling the alveoli
Topic
- Community-acquired pneumonia: organismsEach bacterium has its usual patient and clue: pneumococcus for anyone, Klebsiella in alcohol…
- Lung carcinoma: spread and paraneoplastic syndromesLung cancer causes trouble by local invasion (nerves, veins, pleura), by metastasis (brain…
- Obstructive vs restrictive lung disease: the comparison tableObstructive disease narrows the airways and air gets trapped; restrictive disease stiffens the…
- The lung in autoimmune diseaseConnective tissue diseases can scar the interstitium, inflame the pleura, form nodules or narrow…
- The lung in immunocompromise and transplantWhen immunity is weak the lung is infected by organisms that rarely harm healthy people
Mechanism
- Lung carcinoma: pathogenesis and precursorsTobacco carcinogens mutate the airway lining step by step
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Educational content on the mechanisms of disease; not a diagnostic or treatment guide and no substitute for a health professional's advice. No doses are given.
Representative model, for educational purposes only.